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. 2013 Aug 30;36(3):308–315. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572013000300002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the human mitochondrial genome. This genome represents a typical gene content found in animal mtDNAs. The major non-coding region of mtDNA is denoted as “D-loop”. The arrows below each gene indicate the direction of transcription. Transfer RNA genes are indicated by one-letter symbols, and the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes appear as 12S and 16S, respectively. CYTB, gene coding for cytochrome b; COI-III, subunits I–III of cytochrome c oxidase; ND1–6, subunits 1–6 of NADH dehydrogenase; ATP6 and 8, subunits 6 and 8 of ATP synthase; OH, origin of heavy (leading) strand synthesis; OL, origin of light (lagging) strand synthesis, according to the strand-displacement model of mtDNA replication (see text and Figure 2 for details); LSP, light strand promoter; HSP1 and 2, heavy strand promoters 1 and 2 (reviewed in Oliveira et al., 2010).