Table 1.

MPA clinical pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic studies^a.

UGT SNP (reference number)	Number/transplant population/ethnicity/other immunosuppression	Significant association/results
1A9 −275T>A/−2152C>T [16]	95 kidney	Lower MPA AUC 0–12 h (day7)with 2 g/day only
	Caucasian	Lower MPA AUC 6–12 h with 2 g/day only
	Tacrolimus and steroids	Lower C0 with 2 g/day only
		Shorter Tmax with 2 g/day only
		Higher Cl/F with 2 g/day only
1A9 −275T>A/−2152C>T [31]	338 kidney	Lower MPA AUC/D 0–12 h (day 3 and 1 year) with tacrolimus only
	88% Caucasian	Lower percent difference in MPA AUC 0–12 h/D (over 1 year) with tacrolimus only
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine
1A9 −275T>A/−2152C>T [32]	117 kidney and/or pancreas	Lower C0/D with cyclosporine only
	90% Caucasian
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine
1A9 −275T>A/−2152C>T [17]	100 kidneys	Lower % of patients within target AUC 0–12 h range
	Tacrolimus and steroids
1A9 −275T>A/−2152C>T [30]	30 kidney	Lower AUC 0–12 h
	Caucasian	Lower AUC 0–6 h
	Tacrolimus	Lower AUC 6–12 h
1A9 −440C>T [38]	185 kidney	Shorter Tmax
	Tacrolimus or sirolimus or cyclosporine and steroids
1A9 −440C>T [37]	40 kidney	Lower AUC 0–12 h/D
	Caucasian
	Cyclosporine
1A9 −331T>C [37]	40 kidneys	Lower AUC 0–12 h/D
	Caucasian
	Cyclosporine
1A9 −98T>C (*3) [31]	338 kidney	Higher AUC 0–12 h
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine	Higher % difference in AUC 0–12 h/D (over 1 year) with tacrolimus and cyclosporine
	88% Caucasian
1A9 −98T>C (*3) [16]	95 kidney	Higher AUC 0–12 h with 1 g/day only
	Caucasian	Higher AUC 6–12 h
	Tacrolimus or steroids
1A9 −98T>C (*3) [38]	185 kidney	Higher Cmax/D
	Tacrolimus or sirolimus or cyclosporine and steroids	With tacrolimus or sirolimus
1A8 −518C>G(*2) [32]	117 kidney	Higher C0/D/T (over 1 year) with tacrolimus
	90% Caucasian
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine
1A8 −518C>G (*2) [31]	338 kidney	Higher AUC 0–12 h (over 1 year) with cyclosporine
	88% Caucasian
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine and steroids
1A8 −518C>G (*2) [38]	185 kidney	Lower C0/D
	Tacrolimus or sirolimus or cyclosporine and steroids	Lower Cmax/D
		Lower AUC 0–12 h/D
		With tacrolimus or sirolimus
2B7 −802C>T [37]	40 kidney	Higher Cmax/D
	Caucasian
	Cyclosporine
2B7 −842G>T [34]	92 kidney	Higher AcMPAG AUC 0–9 h/D (1 month) with sirolimus
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine or sirolimus and steroids	Higher AcMPAG AUC 0–9 h/D
		(3 month) with sirolimus
2B7 −802C>T [49]	68 thoracic	Higher AcMPAG AUC 0–12 h
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine	Higher AcMPAG/MPA ratio
2B7 − 138A(*2) [49]	68 thoracic	Higher AcMPAG AUC 0–12 h
	Tacrolimus or cyclosporine	Higher AcMPAG/MPA ratio

MPA = mycophenolic acid or mycophenolate; AcMPAG = acyl glucuronide; MPAG = mycophenolic acid glucuronide; AUC = area under the concentration; Cmax = maximum concentration; C0 = trough concentration; Tmax = time to maximum concentration; CL = clearance; F = Bioavailability; D = dose.

^aThis table lists only studies that reported a statistically significant association between UGT polymorphisms and pharmacokinetic parameters.