Table 4.
Multivariable1 odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of self-reported body size during childhood among 35,020 participants in the Nurses' Health Study II by maternal smoking during pregnancy
| Maternal Smoking |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No smoking during pregnancy |
Quit smoking during pregnancy |
Smoked throughout pregnancy |
||||
| 1–14 cigarettes/day |
15–24 cigarettes/day |
25+ cigarettes/day |
Ptrend | |||
| Average during in childhood (ages 5–10 years)2 | ||||||
| 1.0–2 (n=16,351) | 12249 (74.9%) | 630 (3.9%) | 2192 (13.4%) | 1104 (6.8%) | 176 (1.1%) | |
| 2.5–3 (n=9,158) | 6763 (73.8%) | 379 (4.1%) | 1270 (13.9%) | 635 (6.9%) | 111 (1.2%) | |
| 1.00 (ref) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 1.23 (0.97–1.57) | 0.001 | |
| 3.5–4 (n=5,907) | 4296 (72.7%) | 233 (3.9%) | 859 (14.5%) | 436 (7.4%) | 83 (1.4%) | |
| 1.00 (ref) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 1.23 (1.12–1.35) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.51 (1.15–1.97) | <0.001 | |
| 4.5+ (n=3,604) | 2565 (71.2%) | 149 (4.1%) | 548 (15.2%) | 294 (8.2%) | 48 (1.3%) | |
| 1.00 (ref) | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) | 1.46 (1.27–1.69) | 1.48 (1.06–2.06) | <0.001 | |
Adjusted for age of the nurse daughter, year of birth of the nurse, maternal age at time of daughter's birth, paternal age at time of daughter's birth, maternal level of education, paternal level of education, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal prepregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, maternal history of diabetes, paternal history of diabetes, maternal occupation, paternal occupation, home ownership of parents at the time of nurse daughter's birth, gestational age of the nurse, birthweight of the nurse, breast feeding history in infancy, and paternal smoking.
Average of childhood body size at ages 5 and 10 years by 9-level figure drawing.