Table 3.
Herbicide Use at Enrollment and Odds of Hypothyroid Disease Among Male Private Pesticide Applicatorsa
| Herbicide | No Thyroid Disease n =21,327; 96 % Ever-useb (%) |
Hypothyroid n = 461; 2 % Ever-use (%) |
OR (95%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 4-D | 16,809(78.8) | 392(85) | 1.35(1.04,1.76)* |
| 2,4,5-T | 4,498(21.1) | 153(33.2) | 1.38(1.12,1.69)* |
| 2,4,5-T P | 1,890(8.9) | 67(14.5) | 1.39(1.06,1.82)* |
| Alachlor | 11,641(54.5) | 284(61.6) | 1.24(1.02,1.5)* |
| Atrazine | 15,920(74.6) | 347(75.3) | 0.99(0.8,1.22) |
| Butylate | 7,190(33.7) | 160(34.7) | 0.98(0.81,1.19) |
| Chlorimuron-ethyl | 8,264(38.7) | 151(32.8) | 0.85(0.7,1.04) |
| Cyanazine | 9,450(44.3) | 222(48.2) | 1.13(0.94,1.36) |
| Dicamba | 11,685(54.8) | 289(62.7) | 1.37(1.13,1.66)* |
| EPTC | 4,520(21.2) | 110(23.9) | 1.19(0.96,1.48) |
| Glyphosate | 16,320(76.5) | 366(79.4) | 1.18(0.94,1.49) |
| Imazethapyr | 9,955(46.7) | 200(43.4) | 0.95(0.79,1.15) |
| Metolachlor | 10,315(48) | 234(50.8) | 1.14(0.95,1.38) |
| Metribuzin | 10,359(48.6) | 236(51.2) | 1.07(0.89,1.29) |
| Paraquat | 4,652(21.8) | 114(24.7) | 1.11(0.9,1.38) |
| Pendimethalin | 9,524(44.7) | 183(39.7) | 0.86(0.71,1.04) |
| Petroleum Oil | 10,595(49.7) | 257(55.7) | 1.23(1.02,1.48)* |
| Trifluralin | 11,727(55) | 269(58.4) | 1.11(0.92,1.34) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; EPTC, s-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate; 2,4-D,2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5-TP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-propionic acid.
a
Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression and were adjusted for BMI (<25, 25-29.9, >=30), age at enrollment (≤ 38, 39-46, 47-57, ≥58 years), and education (≤ high school, > high school). Relative to 1.0 for the reference category of unexposed.
b
Ever-use at time of enrollment.
*
p<0.05