Table 2.
Summary of Results of MLM Analyses for Personality Trait Trajectories
| NEM |
PEM |
CON |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept (age 17) |
Slope (change from age 17 to 29) |
Intercept (age 17) |
Slope (change from age 17 to 29) |
Intercept (age 17) |
Slope (change from age 17 to 29) |
|
| Model | Coef (SE) | Coef (SE) |
Coef (SE) | Coef (SE) |
Coef (SE) | Coef (SE) |
| Group trajectories | ||||||
| Never depressed | 89.58 (.76)*** | −1.19 (.06)*** | 124.33 (.88)*** | −.06 (.06) | 137.83 (.95)*** | .96 (.08)*** |
| Adolescent-onset, remitting | 97.65 (1.81)*** | −1.44 (.15)*** | 122.29 (1.75)*** | −.07 (.16) | 133.91 (2.63)*** | 1.28 (.21)*** |
| Adolescent-onset, chronic/recurrent | 97.60 (2.70)*** | −.40 (.22) | 113.57 (3.07)*** | −.07 (.23) | 130.08 (3.30)*** | 1.06 (.24)*** |
| Adult-onset, remitting | 97.65 (2.16)*** | −1.38 (.13)*** | 123.25 (2.52)*** | −.17 (.20) | 139.95 (2.38)*** | .86 (.19)*** |
| Adult-onset, chronic/recurrent | 99.12 (3.16)*** | −.90 (.21)*** | 119.07 (2.00)*** | −.52 (.24)* | 135.48 (2.74)*** | .92 (.25)*** |
| Group comparisons | ||||||
| Never versus adol remit | 5.22 (1.44)*** | −.05 (.12) | .42 (1.41) | −.04 (.13) | −4.08 (2.03)* | .26 (.17) |
| Never versus adol chron/rec | 5.85 (2.49)* | .83 (.21)*** | −8.04 (2.67)** | −.08 (.21) | −7.24 (2.96)* | .16 (.24) |
| Never versus adult remit | 5.74 (1.45)*** | −.11 (.11) | −.11 (1.60) | −.03 (.14) | .64 (1.76) | −.03 (.14) |
| Never versus adult chron/rec | 8.35 (2.21)*** | .35 (.18)* | −4.10 (1.84)* | −.21 (.18) | −3.49 (2.71) | −.03 (.20) |
| Adol remit versus adol chron/rec | .63 (2.90) | .88 (.23)*** | −8.46 (2.89)** | −.04 (.23) | −3.16 (3.36) | −.10 (.27) |
| Adol remit versus adult chron/rec | 3.13 (2.55) | .40 (.21)† | −4.51 (2.18)* | −.18 (.21) | .60 (3.28) | −.29 (.25) |
| Adult remit versus adol remit | −.52 (1.93) | .07 (.15) | .52 (1.95) | −.01 (.18) | −4.72 (2.50) | .29 (.20) |
| Adult remit versus adol chron/rec | .11 (2.79) | .94 (.22)*** | −7.93 (3.14)* | −.05 (.24) | −7.88 (3.22)* | .19 (.26) |
| Adult remit versus adult chron/rec | 2.60 (2.47) | .46 (.20)* | −3.99 (2.40) | −.18 (.22) | −4.12 (3.16) | .00 (.24) |
| Adult chron/rec versus adol chron/rec | −2.50 (3.21) | .48 (.26) | −3.94 (3.05) | .13 (.26) | −3.75 (3.87) | .19 (.29) |
Note. Group trajectory models quantify personality trait trajectories for each MDD group; in these models, the intercept indicates the average personality trait score for each group at age 17, and the slope indicates the change in the personality trait score per year, with significant values indicating that the age-17 score differs significantly from zero (intercept) or changes significantly from ages 17 to 29 (slope). Group comparison models test whether the groups in the comparison differ; these models include dummy coded variables representing each MDD group entered simultaneously and recoding the reference group in order to systematically compare each group, with positive values indicating that the age-17 score for the second group is significantly larger than that for the first group (intercept) or changes at a significantly faster (when the overall trajectory is positive) or slower (when the overall trajectory is negative) rate from ages 17 to 29 (slope). All models include participant sex as a covariate. NEM = Negative Emotionality. PEM = Positive Emotionality. CON = Constraint. Coef = coefficient. SE = standard error.
All results for analyses including definite and probable MDD cases were comparable to those including only definite cases with the single noted exception, which was significant when only definite cases were included.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.