Figure 2. Lamina-specific homeostatic adaptation to visual deprivation in V1.

Principal neurons of different lamina are shown, and their known modes of homeostatic adaptation at different ages are noted. Results for visual deprivation leading to complete loss of visually driven activity (see Figure 1) is shown, except for L5 neurons where lid suture was used. Note that there is a switch in the polarity of synaptic changes in L4 and L6 during the course of development, such that homeostatic adaption occurs only early in development. L2/3 changes are initiated later and persist through adulthood. E/I: excitation/inhibitory balance. IE: intrinsic excitability.