Table 3.

Bivariate Associations between Parents’ Reports of Enhanced Access Services and Emergency Department Utilization for All Children and Specific Populations

	Incidence Rate Ratio,a (95% CI)
	All Children	CSHCN	Black, non- Hispanic	Hispanic	Publicly Insured
Same-day sick visits
Never/sometimes	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Usually/always	0.73 (0.46-1.16)	0.70 (0.31-1.59)	0.71 (0.32-1.56)	0.83 (0.22-3.12)	1.15 (0.66-2.01)
Phone advice during office hours
Never/sometimes	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Usually/always	0.42 (0.21-0.84)b	0.57 (0.27-1.21)	0.49 (0.23-1.02)	0.21 (0.05-0.82)b	0.48 (0.19-1.19)
Phone advice outside office hours
Never/sometimes	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Usually/always	0.59 (0.38-0.94)b	0.63 (0.30-1.32)	0.37 (0.20-0.66)b	0.79 (0.31-2.04)	0.71 (0.42-1.19)
Email advice
Never/sometimes	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
Usually/always	0.46 (0.26-0.83)b	0.56 (0.22-1.44)	0.34 (0.13-0.91)b	0.10 (0.02-0.42)b	0.37 (0.17-0.79)
Office open on weekend
0 days	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
≥1 days/weekend	0.59 (0.35-0.99)b	0.91 (0.44-1.88)	1.37 (0.58-3.21)	0.25 (0.08-0.79)b	0.59 (0.32-1.12)
Office open after 5 PM
0 nights/week	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
1-4 nights/week	0.46 (0.21-1.00)b	0.61 (0.35-1.05)	0.72 (0.20-2.57)	0.38 (0.04-3.43)	0.66 (0.27-1.65)
≥5 nights/week	0.32 (0.17-0.63)b	0.72 (0.43-1.22)	V1.19 (0.35-4.06)	0.06 (0.01-0.32)b	0.25 (0.10-0.66)b

^aModel includes a dummy variable for parents who responded “don’t know” for each service

^bsignificant at p<0.05