Table 4.
Group-Dependent Performance in Neuropsychological Tests at 12-Month Follow-up
| Follow-Up (PP) | OCS+ (N = 20) | OCS– (N = 30) | Between-Group Differences ANCOVA Illness Duration And PANSS Positive/Negative/GPP | Effect Size Cohen’s d | Pearson Correlation With YBOCS Total Score | Pearson Correlation With HZI “Checking” | Pearson Correlation With HZI “Counting” |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Processing speed | |||||||
| TMT-A | 39.8±18.8 | 31.1±10.7 | F = 3.026; P = .020 | d = .57 | r = .35; P = .015 | r = .15; P > .05 | r = –.05; P > .05 |
| Executive function & working memory | |||||||
| WCST | |||||||
| Categories completed | 6.0±1.7 | 6.6±1.0 | F = 3.005; P = .021 | d = .43 | r = .05; P > .05 | r = –.14; P > .05 | r = .09; P > .05 |
| Perseveration errors (%) | 34.4±16.0 | 15.6±13.6 | F = 2.762; P = .030 | d = 1.27 | r = .46; P = .001 | r = .25; P > .05 | r = .08; P > .05 |
| Stroop | |||||||
| Interference | 98.4±21.0 | 86.1±22.7 | F = 1.281; P > .05 | d = .56 | r = .22; P > .05 | r = .16; P > .05 | r = –.04; P > .05 |
| Go/NoGo | 1.4±1.3 | 0.7±0.8 | F = 1.230; P > .05 | d = .65 | r = .26; P = .066 | r = .13; P > .05 | r = .09; P > .05 |
| Set shift | 1.9±1.7 | 1.3±1.6 | F = 0.622; P > .05 | d = .36 | r = .12; P > .05 | r = .12; P > .05 | r = –.03; P > .05 |
| TMT–B | 99.4±47.6 | 63.0±22.0 | F = 8.646; P < .001 | d = .98 | r = .46; P = .001 | r = .42; P = .003 | r = .19; P > .05 |
| N-back | 2.7±2.7 | 2.6±2.5 | F = 0.331; P > .05 | d = .04 | r = .03; P > .05 | r = –.01; P > .05 | r = –.01; P > .05 |
| Verbal learning and memory | |||||||
| AVLT | |||||||
| Immediate recall | 42.7±11.8 | 51.9±10.3 | F = 2.976; P = .022 | d = .83 | r = –.37; P = .011 | r = –.18; P > .05 | r = –.20; P > .05 |
| Interference | 2.3±1.6 | 1.7±1.5 | F = 1.108; P > .05 | d = .39 | r = .02;; P > .05 | r = –.02; P > .05 | r = –.13; P > .05 |
| Delayed recall | 3.0±1.5 | 2.6±2.0 | F = 0.554; P > .05 | d = .23 | r = .08; P > .05 | r = –.08; P > .05 | r = –.20; P > .05 |
| Visual memory and perception | |||||||
| Rey figure test | |||||||
| Reproduction | 35.8±13.3 | 47.7±13.4 | F = 2.510; P = .44 | d = .89 | r = –.44; P = .001 | r = .35; P = .013 | r = –.12; P > .05 |
| Memory | 106.2±34.1 | 136.8±33.6 | F = 2.000; P > .05 | d = .90 | r = –.41; P = .003 | r = .34; P = .016 | r = –.10; P > .05 |
| WAIS – Block design | 28.0±12.6 | 37.6±8.7 | F = 4.365; P = .003 | d = .89 | r = –.39; P = .007 | r = –.26; P > .05 | r = –.13; P > .05 |
| Attention | |||||||
| d2 | 150.5±51.4 | 153.3±38.3 | F = 1.378; P > .05 | d = .06 | r = .04; P > .05 | r = –.05; P > .05 | r = .24; P > .05 |
| CPT | 15.1±11.1 | 10.0±9.8 | F = 1.518; P > .05 | d = .49 | r = .15; P > .05 | r = .02; P > .05 | r = –.07; P > .05 |
Note: Tables 3 and 4 summarize means and standard deviations of the 2 groups in 16 neurocognitive variables. Comparisons between groups were calculated using ANCOVAs, and Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed with YBOCS total scores and the HZI subscales checking and counting. AVLT, Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; CPT, Continuous Performance test; GPP, general psychopathology; HZI, Hamburger–Zwangsinventar; OCS, obsessive-compulsive symptom; PP, per protocol; TMT-A and -B, Trail Making tests A and B; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, subtest block design; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting test; YBOCS, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.