Table 1.

Demographic and Health Care Use in Year Prior to Study Entry

Characteristic	Full Sample	Intervention Group	Control Group	p-value§
Average age (years)†	44.23	44.30	44.05	.54
Female	58.81	58.42	59.71	.39
Health care use in prior year
Ever had an emergency department (ED) visit (%)	42.69	42.54	43.05	.74
Average number of ED visits	1.27	1.28	1.24	.64
Ever had a hospital admission (%)	17.54	17.37	17.91	.64
Average number of total inpatient days	3.01	2.84	3.40	.21
Average CDPS score‡	1.58	1.54	1.67	.02*
Total Medicaid cost in prior year ($)	15,050	14,645	15,990	.16
Chronic conditions (%)
Cardiovascular	36.83	36.78	36.94	.91
Central nervous system	21.74	21.53	22.24	.57
Cerebrovascular	3.36	3.45	3.15	.58
Diabetes, type 1	5.11	4.69	6.10	.05*
Diabetes, type 2	12.15	12.26	11.88	.70
Eye	6.60	6.47	6.89	.58
Gastrointestinal	21.90	21.72	22.31	.64
Hematological	4.98	4.83	5.32	.48
Infectious	8.99	8.53	10.04	.09
Metabolic	11.65	11.72	11.48	.81
Psychiatric	29.98	29.72	30.58	.54
Pulmonary	25.02	24.46	26.31	.16
Renal	11.91	11.27	13.39	.04*
Skeletal and connective	23.56	23.45	23.82	.77
Skin	10.13	9.94	10.56	.50
Substance abuse	10.80	10.68	11.09	.67
Sample size	5,064	3,540	1,524

Notes. *Significant at p ≤ .05; **significant at p ≤ .01.

^†Fifty-nine cases had missing age.

^‡CDPS, Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System.

^§t-test statistics was done to test for differences in age, gender, health care use, and chronic conditions between the study groups.