Table 3.

Relationships between childhood abuse (CSA and/or CPA) and adult sexual risk behaviors reported by men and women (all settings combined), excluding post-test actions

	Childhood abuse and sexual risk outcomes (N = 11 206)
	Male (N = 4944)	Female (N = 6262)	CSA, CPA differences
Outcomes (Odds Ratio, p value)
Sexual behaviour
Ever had vaginal sex	1.35 (1.10, 1.65; 0.003)	1.13 (0.88, 1.46; 0.338)	NS for male for CSA
Age at first sex (mean diff, p value)	−0.6 (−0.9, −0.4; < 0.001)	−0.7 (−0.9, −0.5; < 0.001)
No. lifetime sexual partners (mean diff, p value)	0.9 (−0.1, 1.8; 0.075)	0.6 (−0.1, 1.3; 0.113)
More than 1 sex partner last 6 months	1.58 (1.30, 1.93; < 0.001)	1.66 (1.01, 2.73; 0.058)
Always or frequent condom use	1.21 (1.00, 1.47; 0.056)	1.22 (0.94, 1.57; 0.135)
Alcohol, drug use
Lifetime—ever use alcohol	1.43 (1.22, 1.68; < 0.001)	1.83 (1.50, 2.24; < 0.001)
Lifetime—ever use drugs	1.65 (1.38, 1.97; < 0.001)	3.14 (1.95, 5.05; < 0.001)
Adult sexual and partner violence
Forced sex last 6 months	2.22 (1.66, 2.95; < 0.001)	2.76 (2.09, 3.64; < 0.001)
Partner ever hurt you	3.88 (2.84, 5.29; < 0.001)	3.06 (2.48, 3.76; < 0.001)
Preventive behaviour
HIV testing
Ever voluntarily tested for HIV	1.25 (1.02, 1.53; 0.036)	1.25 (1.04, 1.50; 0.019)	NS for female for CPA
No. lifetime tests (mean diff, p value)	0.08 (−0.26, 0.42; 0.643)	0.31 (0.10, 0.51; 0.003)
HIV+ at last test	3.40 (1.38, 8.42; 0.010)	1.10 (0.69, 1.76; 0.678)	NS for male for CSA
Told sex partner results of HIV test	0.46 (0.28, 0.74; 0.002)	0.75 (0.51, 1.12; 0.173)	NS for male and S for female (p = 0.019) for CSA

Odds ratio or mean difference, (95 % confidence interval; p value