Table 2.
Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal outcomes between IVF/CSI and spontaneously conceived Twins
| Maternal Outcomes, n (%) | IVF/ICSI (n=162) | Spontaneously (n=213) | p value |
|
| |||
| GDM | 6 (3.7) | 8 (3.8) | 0.979 |
| Preeclampsia | 32 (19.8) | 40 (18.8) | 0.813 |
| PROM | 36 (22.2) | 50 (23.5) | 0.775 |
| Placenta praevia | 6 (3.7) | 7 (3.3) | 0.827 |
| Antepartum anemia | 17 (10.5) | 21 (9.9) | 0.840 |
| Postpartum bleeding | 8 (4.9) | 10 (4.7) | 0.913 |
| Caesarean section | 134 (82.7) | 165 (77.5) | 0.210 |
|
| |||
| Fetal outcomes n (%) | IVF/ICSI (n=324) | Spontaneously (n=424) | |
| Preterm | 88 (27.2) | 122 (28.7) | 0.591 |
| BWD, ≥20% | 21 (13.0)* | 45 (21.2) | 0.046 |
| Neonatal mortality rate | 4 (1.2) | 9 (2.1) | 0.352 |
| Birth weight (g, mean ± SD)a | 2295.7 ± 513.5 | 2249.6 ± 499.7 | 0.382 |
| First twin-VLBW | 9 (5.5) | 20 (9.4) | 0.173 |
| Second twin-VLBW | 18 (11.0) | 25 (11.8) | 0.851 |
| Apgar score first-born <7 at 1 m | 12 (7.4) | 18 (8.6) | 0.708 |
| <7 at 5 m | 4 (2.5) | 6 (2.8) | 0.834 |
| Apgar score Second-born <7 at 1 m | 16 (9.8) | 24 (11.4) | 0.658 |
| <7 at 5 m | 13 (8.1) | 14 (6.7) | 0.596 |
|
| |||
| Neonatal outcomes, n (%) | IVF/ICSI (n=317) | Spontaneously (n=403) | |
| RDS | 8 (2.5) | 6 (1.5) | 0.318 |
| Neonatal pneumonia | 13 (4.1) | 9 (2.2) | 0.148 |
| Hyperlibirubinemia | 25 (7.9) | 43 (10.7) | 0.205 |
| Anemia | 3 (0.9) | 11 (2.7) | 0.085 |
| Retinopathy | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.2) | 0.346 |
| IUO | 9 (2.8) | 16 (4.0) | 0.411 |
GDM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, PRoM: Premature Rupture of Membranes, BWD: Birth weight discordance, RDS: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, IUO: Infection of unknown origin.
a
Student’s t-test. Otherwise, Chi-square test was performed.
*
p<0.05, vs. spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies.