Table 1.

Clinical test settings.

Study	Disease	Number of patients	Patient condition	Feedback channel	Feedback modality	Training location	Effect measured	Typical change
In-clinic comparison of open and closed-loop strategies	PD	14	Off	V	O	C	OL	13.8%
In-clinic comparison of open and closed-loop strategies	PD	14	Off	V	C	C	OL	25.6%
At-home training with joint visual and auditory feedback	PD	13	On	VA	C	H	OL	17.9%
At-home training with joint visual and auditory feedback	PD	13	On	VA	C	H	LTR	17.1%
Gait initiation and the significance of prior instructions and training	PD	47	On	V	C	C	GI	6.2%
Long-term effects on PD patients with “on”-predominant freezing of gait	PD	13	On	VA	C	H	UPDRS	35.4%
Visual feedback	SG	20	On	V	C	C	OL	6.3%
Level of education effect	SG	20	On	V	C	C	EL	6.7%
Visual feedback	PS	6	On	V	C	C	OL	13.2%
Visual feedback	MS	16	On	V	C	C	OL	13.4%
Visual feedback	MS	16	On	V	C	C	STR	24.4%
Auditory feedback	MS	16	On	A	C	C	OL	12.8%
Auditory feedback	MS	16	On	A	C	C	STR	18.7%
Visual cue geometry effect	MS	16	On	V	C	C	VCG	21.0%
Visual feedback	CP	10	On	V	C	C	STR	21.7%
Auditory feedback	CP	10	On	A	C	C	STR	25.4%

Patient condition: Off, without medication for 12 h; On, on regular medication schedule. Feedback channel: V, visual channel; A, auditory channel; VA, combined visual and auditory channels. Feedback modality: O, open-loop; C, closed-loop. Training location: C, clinic; H, home. Effect measured: OL, on-line; STR, short-term residual; LTR, long-term residual; GI, gait initiation; UPRDS, unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; EL, education level; VCG, visual cue geometry. Typical change: percentage improvement in walking speed compared to baseline, except where corresponding to GI, UPDRS.