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. 2013 Oct 14;4:129. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00129

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Copyright © 2013 Chadwick, Miller and Hurd.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Developmental cannabis increases vulnerability to psychiatric disease and overlaps with ontogenic changes in the endocannabinoid system. Adolescence is associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric illness, and exposure to cannabis (arrow head) during this developmental window strongly predicts subsequent development of mood disorders, addictive disorders, and schizophrenia (A). Components of the endocannabinoid system appear as early as embryonic life, but maximal CNR1 mRNA expression occurs during adolescence (B). (Green line = cannabis-exposed and gray line = unexposed individuals.)