Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
| |
Healthy control (n =18) |
TBI (n =18) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Age | 30.39 | 9.59 | 29.39 | 5.78 |
| Education | 14.78 | 2.49 | 13.89 | 2.72 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 100% (n=18) | 100% (n=18) | ||
| Female | 0 | 0 | ||
| Racea | ||||
| Caucasian | 55.6% (n=10) | 94.4% (n=17) | ||
| African American | 33.3% (n=6) | 5.5% (n=1) | ||
| Asian | 11.1% (n=2) | 0% (n=0) | ||
| M | SD | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Months post-injury | n/a | n/a | 61.06 | 18.99 |
| CIQ | 21.95 | 3.48 | 18.96 | 5.42 |
| GOAT | 99.94 | .236 | 97.44 | 5.93 |
| NSIb | 4.78 | 6.75 | 34.12 | 16.94 |
| PCL-Cc | 21.67 | 4.56 | 47.82 | 15.41 |
| DRS score | ||||
| 0 | 77.8% (n=14) | |||
| 1 | 5.6% (n=1) | |||
| 2 | 5.6% (n=1) | |||
| 5 | 11.1% (n=2) | |||
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| Object | 5.6% (n=1) | |||
| Blast injury | 83.3% (n=15) | |||
| MVA | 11.1% (n=2) | |||
| Initial CT scan | ||||
| Postive | 5.6% (n=1) | |||
| Negative | 16.7% (n=3) | |||
| Unknown | 77.8% (n=14) | |||
| Duration loss of consciousness | ||||
| None | 33.3% (n=6) | |||
| 0-30 min | 66.7% (n=12) | |||
| Duration post-traumatic amnesia | ||||
| 0-24 h | 66.7% (n=12) | |||
| >24 h | 33.3% (n=6) | |||
| Injury severity rating | ||||
| Mild | 100% (n=18) | |||
a
Pearson χ2=7.84, p=0.025.
b
F=46.28, p<0.001.
c
F=47.51, p<0.001.
No significant differences were seen between groups on other demographic variables (age, education, and gender) or on CIQ and GOAT scores.
TBI, traumatic brain injury; CIQ, Community Integration Questionnaire; GOAT, Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; PCL-C, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist Civilian Version; DRS, Disability Rating Scale; MVA, motor vehicle accident.