eTable. Recommendations for diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia^*1.

	Recommendation	Remark	GRADE
Biomarkers (CRP, PCT)	Limited	If pneumogenic sepsis is suspected, PCT testing is indicated	1B
Blood culture	Yes	Bacteremia, identification of extrapulmonary foci	1C
Legionella antigen in urine	Limited	If nosocomial infection is suspected	1C
Respiratory culture (TBAS; BAL)	Yes	Quantitative culture; sample must be taken before start of antibiotic treatment	1B
Fungus diagnosis	Limited	Yeast fungus: no targeted diagnosis; Aspergillus: in at-risk patients*2	1B

^*1Source: (11)

^*2Bronchiectasis, liver cirrhosis, rheumatological diseases; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; TBAS, tracheobronchial aspirate; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage