Table 2. Effect of I148M PNPLA3 variant on clinical presentation of HCC according to the etiology of liver disease (ALD & NAFLD vs. other etiologies).
| ALD & NAFLD | Other liver diseases | |||||||
| PNPLA3 I148M | I/I | I/M | M/M | p value° | I/I | I/M | M/M | p value° |
| n = | 22 (20) | 47 (44) | 39 (36) | - | 172 (49) | 140 (40) | 40 (11) | - |
| Age years | 67±7 | 64±9 | 62±6 | 0.018 | 67±10 | 65±10 | 67±9 | 0.18 |
| Sex F | 4 (18) | 8 (17) | 3 (8) | 0.37 | 36 (21) | 37 (26) | 9 (22) | 0.59 |
| Time from cirrhosis years | 2 {1–7} | 2 {0–6} | 2 {0–3} | 0.05 | 5{1–10} | 4 {1–11} | 5{2–12} | 0.26 |
| Diabetes | 10 (45) | 16 (34) | 17 (44) | 0.55 | 45 (34) | 22 (29) | 8 (28) | 0.42 |
| Cirrhosis | 20 (91) | 44 (94) | 36 (92) | 0.92 | 164 (96) | 139 (99) | 39 (98) | 0.17 |
| Child B/C | 12 (55) | 11 (23) | 12 (31) | 0.035 | 29 (16) | 39 (42) | 7 (18) | 0.86 |
| Lesion number* | 1 {1–2} | 1 {1–2.8} | 1 {1–3.5} | 0.007 | 1{1–2} | 1{1–2} | 1{1–3} | 0.98 |
| Major lesion mm* | 20 {20–44} | 25 {18–45} | 30 {20–62} | 0.32 | 25{18–30} | 25 {20–40} | 28 {18–36} | 0.56 |
| Very earlyHCC* | 8 (38) | 12 (30) | 10 (27) | 0.39 | 45 (32) | 24 (29) | 9 (31) | 0.89 |
| AdvancedHCC** | 14 (64) | 19 (45) | 27 (67) | 0.07 | 71 (45) | 70 (59) | 14 (42) | 0.36 |
(): % values, {}: median and interquartile range. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, ALD: alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, F: female, PNPLA3: patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3. °Additive model. * Available in 353 patients, ** available in 413 patients. Very early HCC and advanced / terminal HCC were defined according to the updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and EASL/EORTC guidelines [1].