Table 7.

Total cohort substance use at first visit compared with at delivery

SUBSTANCE	TOTAL COHORT (TORONTO, VANCOUVER, MONTREAL), N (%)		P VALUE
	AT FIRST VISIT (N = 102)	AT DELIVERY (N = 94)
Alcohol	26 (25)	5 (5)	< .001*
Nicotine	89 (87)	72 (77)	.052
Cocaine or crack	45 (44)	18 (19)	< .001*
Heroin	47 (46)	15 (16)	< .001*
Marijuana	21 (21)	7 (7)	.009*
Benzodiazepines	25 (25)	25 (27)	.738
Prescription opioids	28 (27)	9 (10)	.001*

^*Indicates significant difference at P < .05.