Table 1. Characteristics of 22 studies reporting the effect of TB treatment on mortality after cART initiation among HIV-infected adults.
| Study | Publication year | Geographic location | Sample size |
TB treatment, N (%)
|
Main exposure is TB | Study design | cART regimen a | Naïve, % | Male, % | Mean age, years | Median baseline CD4 count b , cells/μL | Median baseline HIV-RNA, log10 copies/mL | Lost to follow-up, % | Overall mortality c,% | Confirmed mortality with national death registry | Duration of follow-up, months | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bassett[52] | 2012 | South Africa | 951 | 343 | (36) | Yes | P | All | 100 | 41 | 36 | 90 | NS | 7 | 10 | No | 12 |
| Bera[30] | 2009 | South Africa | 385 | 25 | (7) | No | P | All | 100 | 0 | 28 | 173 | 4.6 | 4 | 2 | No | 8 |
| Bhowmik[27] | 2012 | India | 743 | 285 | (38) | No | R | All | 100 | 66 | 35 | 140 | NS | NS | 7 | No | 12 |
| Boulle (a)[31]d | 2008 | South Africa | 1935 | 209 | (11) | Yes | P | NVP | 100 | 21 | 31 | 110 | 5 | 6 | 4 | No | 6 |
| Boulle (b)[31]d | 2008 | South Africa | 2035 | 1074 | (53) | Yes | P | EFV | 100 | 40 | 33 | 78 | 5.2 | 6 | 6 | No | 6 |
| Boulle (a,b)[32] e | 2010 | South Africa | 7323 | 2760 | (38) | No | P | All | 100 | 32 | 33 | 101 | 5.1 | 10 | NS; 16 | Yes | 3; 3-60 |
| Chu[47] | 2011 | Uganda | 15225 | 1177 | (8) | Yes | P | All | 100 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 7 | No | 65 |
| Dao[33] | 2011 | Zambia/Kenya | 661 | 56 | (8) | No | P | All | 100 | 0 | 32 | 147 | 5 | 5 | 8 | No | 12 |
| DeSilva[34] | 2009 | Nigeria | 1552 | 251 | (16) | No | R | All | 100 | 29 | 34 | 112 | NS | 9 | 7 | No | 24 |
| Dronda[35] | 2011 | Spain | 1986 | 110 | (6) | Yes | P | All | 100 | 76 | 38 | 196 | 5.0 | 7 | 3 | No | 47 |
| Greig[36] | 2012 | Sub-Saharan Africa | 14523 | 1159 | (8) | No | R | All | 94 | 35 | 36 | 133 | NS | 12 | 7 | No | 30 |
| Gupta[51] | 2013 | South Africa | 1544 | 464 | (30) | Yes | P | All | 100 | 30 | 34 | 98 | 4.9 | 21 | 13 | No | 100 |
| Lartey[37] | 2011 | Ghana | 74 | 34 | (46) | Yes | P | EFV | 100 | 49 | NS | 83 | 5.4 | 11 | 9 | No | 11 |
| Liechty[40] | 2007 | Uganda | 377 | 32 | (8) | No | P | All | 100 | 29 | 38 | 50 | 5.5 | 0 | 6 | No | 3 |
| Makombe (a,b) [49]e | 2007 | Malawi | 12485 | 1339 | (11) | Yes | R | NVP | 100 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 11 | 12; 13 | No | 6; 12 |
| Manosuthi[41] | 2010 | Thailand | 140 | 70 | (50) | Yes | P | NVP | 100 | 68 | 36 | 31 | 5.6 | 11 | 6 | No | 48 |
| Mugusi (a,b)[26]e | 2012 | Tanzania | 449 | 194 | (43) | Yes | P | EFV | 100 | 42 | 40 | 92 | 5.7 | 12 | 3; 11 | No | 1; 11 |
| Mutevedzi (a,b)[50]f | 2011 | South Africa | 7927 | 1752 | (22) | No | R | All | 100 | 33 | 34 | 117 | 4.4 | 11 | 5; 3 | No | 3; 3-12 |
| Mutevedzi (c,d)[50]f | 2011 | South Africa | 919 | 175 | (19) | No | R | All | 100 | 44 | 54 | 127 | 4.5 | 11 | 6; 6 | No | 3; 3-12 |
| Nguyen[45] | 2011 | Vietnam | 370 | NS | NS | No | R | All | 100 | 66 | 33 | NS | NS | NS | 31 | No | 60 |
| Stringer (a,b)[2]e | 2006 | Zambia | 14306 | 1562 | (11) | No | P | All | 100 | 39 | 35 | 143 | NS | 21 | 6; 9 | No | 3; 18 |
| Westreich (a,b)[29]e | 2012 | South Africa | 7512 | 1197 | (16) | Yes | P | All | 97 | 34 | 35 | 88 | NS | NS | 7; 9 | Yes | 36; 54 |
| Zachariah[44] | 2006 | Malawi | 1507 | 225 | (15) | No | P | All | 100 | 34 | 35 | 123 | NS | 3 | 8 | No | 3 |
| Zachariah[48] | 2009 | Malawi | 2289 | 196 | (9) | No | R | NVP | 100 | 31 | 35 | NS | NS | 5 | 9 | No | 3 |
Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; EFV, Efavirenz-based cART; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NS, not specified; NVP, Nevirapine-based cART; P, prospective study; R, retrospective study; TB, tuberculosis.
See Table S1 for detailed information on cART regimens from each study, if available
See Table S4 for baseline CD4 cell count stratified by TB treatment status from each study, if available
If a study reported relative risks for multiple time periods, an overall mortality estimate is indicated for each respective time period
(a) Nevirapine-based cART; (b) Efavirenz-based cART
For these studies, the letters after the author’s name refer to the estimates reported at differing time points. For example, Makombe (a) refers to the 6-month estimate and Makombe (b) refers to the 12-month estimate.
(a,b) patients <50 years old; (c,d) patients ≥50 years old