Table 4. Human proteins involved in host defense mechanisms detected in samples from endodontic infections.

Host defense proteins	Accession number (Uniprot)	Biological function	Sample
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	P10809	Stress response	Post-treatment (NaOCl)
Aldehyde oxidase	Q06278	Inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Abscess
Complement C3	P01024	Complement activation	Abscess
Cystatin-S	CYTS_HUMAN	Protease inhibitor	Initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (CHX/NaOCl)
Cystatin-SA	CYTT_HUMAN	Protease inhibitor	Initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (NaOCl)
Cystatin-SN	CYTN_HUMAN/P01037	Protease inhibitor	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (CHX/NaOCl)
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4	P16410	Adaptive immunity	Abscess
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2	O95067	T cell homeostasis	Abscess
Haptoglobin	HPT_HUMAN (+5)/P00738	Acute-phase response	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic)
Histone H2B type F-S	P57053	Defense response to bacterial infection	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic)
Ig alpha-1 chain C region	P01876	Adaptive immunity, antigen binding	Initial (asymptomatic)
Ig gamma-3 chain C region	IGHG3_HUMAN/P01860	Adaptive immunity, Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (NaOCl)
Ig kappa chain C region	IGKC_HUMAN (+7)/P01834	Adaptive immunity, Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (CHX/NaOCl)
Ig lambda chain C regions	P01842	Adaptive immunity, Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic)
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2	Q12905	Immune response	Post-treatment (NaOCl)
Lymphoid-specific helicase	HELLS_HUMAN	Lymphocyte proliferation	Abscess
Lymphokine-activated killer T-cell-originated protein kinase	Q96KB5	Lymphocyte cell activation	Abscess
Myeloperoxidase	P05164	Respiratory burst involved in defense response	Abscess
Neutrophil cytosol factor 4	Q15080	Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I	Abscess
Neutrophil defensin 1	DEF1_HUMAN (+1)/P59665	Defense response to bacterial infection, chemotaxis	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (NaOCl)
Neutrophil defensin 3	P59666	Defense response to bacterial infection	Abscess; initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (NaOCl)
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	PIGR_HUMAN	IgA and IgM receptor	Initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (CHX/NaOCl)
Prolactin-inducible protein	PIP_HUMAN	Expressed in pathological conditions	Initial (asymptomatic); post-treatment (NaOCl)
Protein S100-A9	P06702	Chronic inflammatory response, defense response to bacterial infection, chemokine production, response to lipopolysaccharide	Initial (asymptomatic)