Table 2.
Definition of covariates
| Parameter | Reference |
|---|---|
| Age/age at diagnosis | – |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes | |
| Sex | Male |
| College degree + | Less than college degree |
| Income | |
| €20,000 to <€50,000 | <€20,000 |
| ≥€50,000 | |
| ≥Decline to answer | |
| Employed full-time/part-time/self-employed | Unemployed |
| Currently drinking alcohol | No current alcohol use |
| Currently smoking | Not a current smoker |
| Currently exercising | No current exercise |
| Body mass index | |
| Overweight | Normal/underweight |
| Obese | |
| Declined | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | – |
| Complications experienced | |
| Macular edema or diabetic retinopathy | Not experienced |
| Neuropathic pain | |
| Kidney disease | |
| Foot or leg ulcer | |
| Prescribing physician, general practitioner | Specialist |
| Strongly agree/agree with being afraid of needles | Neutral/disagree/strongly disagree with being afraid of needles |
| HbA1c | ≤7% |
| >7% | |
| Unknown | |
| Fasting glucose | |
| ≥130 mg/dL | ≤130 mg/dL |
| Unknown | |
| Very/extremely satisfied with diabetes treatment | Less satisfaction with diabetes treatment |
Note: Models representing uncontrolled individuals did not include HbA1c levels or fasting glucose as covariates.