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. 2013 Nov 1;19(13):1539–1605. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

A brief history of “redoxin” research. The figure highlights some milestones of Trx, Grx, and Prx research and (in the background) the number of publications listed in pubmed with the query “Trx OR Grx OR thioltransferase OR Prx”. Black: Trx, dark gray: Grx, and light gray: Prx-related findings. Insets: (A) The first structure of Escherichia coli Trx at 4–5 Å resolution, photography of the balsa model (Söderberg et al. 1974) (723). (B) Drawing of the first high-resolution structure of E. coli Trx at 2.8 Å (Holmgren et al. 1975) (293). The work by Krimsky and Racker in 1952 (408) on GSH and glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase did not decipher the redox nature of this interaction, but first emphasized the regulatory functions of GSH. GSH, glutathione; Trx, thioredoxin; Grx, glutaredoxin; Prx, peroxiredoxin; ADF, adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor; TSA, thiol-specific antioxidant.