Table 2.
KnockOut Phenotypes of Trx Family (and Related) Proteins
| Gene | Protein | Embryonically lethal? | Phenotype(s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TXN1 | Thioredoxin 1 | Yes | Died before implantation | (474) |
| TXN2 | Thioredoxin 2 | Yes, E10.5–12.5 | Massive apoptosis at the onset of respiration; open anterior neural tube | (552) |
| TRXR1 | Thioredoxin reductase 1 | Yes, E9.5–10.5 | Reduced proliferation; reduced body size; cerebellar hypoplasia | (332, 552) |
| TRXR2 | Thioredoxin reductase 2 | Yes, E13.5–15.5 | Reduced in size; anemic; reduced hematopoiesis; thinning of the ventricular myocardium, septum, and trabeculae; pleiomorphic and spongiform liver | (135, 298) |
| TXNIP | Thioredoxin interacting protein | No | Hypoglycemic; hypoinsulinemic; defects in the glucose metabolism of hepatocytes | (856) |
| NXN | Nucleoredoxin | No | Skeletal and cardiovascular defects | (216) |
| GLRX1 | Glutaredoxin 1 | No | No obvious phenotype | (301) |
| GLRX2 | Glutaredoxin 2 | No | Mouse—unpublished; loss of neurons and axonal scaffolds in zebrafish embryos | (75, 826) |
| GLRX3 | Glutaredoxin 3 | Yes, E12.5–E14.5 | Reduced body size; hemorrhage in the brain | (105) |
| GLRX5 | Glutaredoxin 5 | (Yes in D. rerio) | Anemia; iron overload | (817) |
| PRDX1 | Peroxiredoxin 1 | No | Hemolytic anemia at 9 months; more oxidative damage; more malignant tumors | (393) |
| PRDX2 | Peroxiredoxin 2 | No | Splenomegaly; abnormal erythrocyte morphology | (369) |
| PRDX3 | Peroxiredoxin 3 | No | Reduced body weight | (438) |
| PRDX4 | Peroxiredoxin 4 | No | Atrophic testes; otherwise, no obvious phenotypes | (328) |
| PRDX6 | Peroxiredoxin 6 | No | No obvious phenotype | (802) |