Table 2.

Explanatory variables selected by the forward selective procedure in the RDA (P < 0.05)

		Variable	AdjR2Cum	F	P
Environment	Herb layer	Elevation	0.11	4.03	0.001
		Available potassium (K)	0.21	3.72	0.001
		pH	0.26	2.53	0.003
		Soil organic matter (SOM)	0.29	2.09	0.003
	Shrub layer	Elevation	0.09	3.52	0.001
		Soil organic matter (SOM)	0.20	4.07	0.001
		pH	0.25	2.32	0.004
	Canopy layer	Soil organic matter (SOM)	0.06	2.56	0.017
		cos (Aspect)	0.12	2.63	0.019
Space	Herb layer	PCNM5	0.11	3.95	0.001
		PCNM2	0.22	4.21	0.001
		PCNM1	0.28	2.94	0.001
		PCNM3	0.33	2.66	0.001
	Shrub layer	PCNM5	0.11	4.08	0.001
		PCNM2	0.22	3.97	0.001
		PCNM1	0.29	3.37	0.001
		PCNM3	0.35	2.85	0.001
	Canopy layer	PCNM1	0.20	6.89	0.001
		PCNM2	0.25	2.46	0.018
		PCNM5	0.30	2.63	0.009
		PCNM3	0.35	2.74	0.007

PCNM, Principal coordinates of neighbor matrices. AdjR²Cum, adjusted cumulative square of the sum of all canonical eigenvalues (expressing explained variance). F, F-test statistic. P-value refers to the significance of the variable (Monte Carlo permutation test). RDA, redundancy analysis.