Table 1.
Common treatment modalities for SEGA, angiomyolipoma, skin lesions, and pulmonary LAM
| Clinical issue | Treatment | Additional comment |
|---|---|---|
| SEGA30–32,36,61,65 | • Active surveillance | • Periodic neuroimaging is recommended to monitor lesion size |
| • Surgery | • Timing of surgery is debatable | |
| • Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery | • Incomplete excision of SEGAs results in tumor recurrence | |
| • Pharmacotherapy with mTOR inhibitors | • Postoperative complications include limit to the efficacy of surgery | |
| Angiomyolipoma7,43,60 | • Arterial embolization | • Repeat embolization required |
| • Partial/total nephrectomy | • Postembolization syndrome | |
| • Pharmacotherapy with mTOR inhibitors | ||
| Skin lesions5,14 | • Cryosurgery | • Variable recurrence rate |
| • Curettage | • Repeat procedures needed | |
| • Dermabrasion | ||
| • Chemical peeling | ||
| • Excision | ||
| • Laser therapy | ||
| Pulmonary LAM1,45 | • Bronchodilators | • Treatments are palliative only |
| • Oxygen support | ||
| • Estrogen antagonists |
Abbreviations: LAM, lymphangioleiomyomatosis; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; SEGA, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.