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. 2013 Oct 16;4:743. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00743

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Copyright © 2013 Mori, Manabe, Narikiyo and Onisawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fast and slow gamma oscillations in the olfactory bulb. Middle trace: sniff rhythm-paced gamma oscillations recorded from the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb of a freely behaving rat. The sniff-induced local field potentials (LFPs) were averaged (n = 277 sniffs) in reference to the peak (a downward arrow) of gamma oscillations that occur near the phase of transition from inhalation to exhalation. Bottom trace: the local field potential shown in the middle trace was band-path filtered between 30 and 140 Hz. The sniff-paced gamma oscillations consist of early-onset fast gamma oscillation (red dashed line) and later-onset slow gamma oscillation (blue dashed line). Uppermost trace: respiration monitor via a thermocouple implanted in the nasal cavity. Upward reflection indicates inhalation. Sniff-onset is indicated by a vertical broken line with an upward arrow.