Figure 3.

EleS stimulates CSC adhesion and survival via FAK phosphorylation. (A and B) Cell adhesion was enhanced by EleS and inhibited by Wortmannin and FI-14. (C) EleS showed significant up-regulation of phosphorylated FAK at Tyr-397 as examined by western blot. Phosphorylation of FAK was increased in a time-dependent manner. (D) The number of TUNEL-positive cells in ^EleSCSCs was significantly increased by pre-treatment with FI-14. Bar = 100 µm. (E–G) Pre-treatment with FI-14 significantly abolished phosphorylation of FAK and AKT, whereas pre-treatment with Wortmannin abolished only phosphorylation of AKT, but not FAK in ^EleSCSCs (n = 5). 3 × 10⁵ cells/35 mm dish. Data were analysed by one-way RM ANOVA.