Table 1. Prediction of “direct effects” model versus observations explained by psychogenic model.

Key hypotheses re distributionof complainants	Characteristic	Predictions of DirectEffects Model	Observations withPsychogenic Model
Spatial (geographic)	Distribution of wind farmswith complaints	All wind farms (especially those with>1 MB turbines) should havecomplainants	Inconsistent distribution associated withpresence or absence of anti windfarm activity
	Proportion of complainantsresiding around wind farms	Only in those “susceptible” but shouldbe similar across all wind farms	Generally very low, but higher at windfarms targeted by anti windfarm groups
Temporal	Timing and latency offirst complaints	Turbine exposure followed by bothacute (immediate) and chronichealth effects	Absence of or long delays in reportingacute effects common