Table 2. Associations between covariates and disability pension 1991-2008, in crude hazard ratios (HR’s) with 95% confidence intervals.
|
Disability pension 1991-2008
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | No. exposed | HR | CI 95% |
| Pre labour market entry | |||
| Low childhood socioeconomic position (manual occupationa) | 24 125 | 1.48 | 1.39-1.58 |
| Low emotional control | 12 826 | 1.99 | 1.88-2.11 |
| Low social maturity | 9423 | 1.97 | 1.85-2.09 |
| Smoker (≥1 cigarette/day) | 25 713 | 1.64 | 1.54-1.74 |
| Risky use of alcohol | 5656 | 1.94 | 1.81-2.08 |
| BMI≥25 (overweight/obese) | 2896 | 1.43 | 1.29-1.57 |
| Psychiatric diagnosis at conscription | 4578 | 2.46 | 2.29-2.63 |
| Musculoskeletal diagnosis at conscription | 7366 | 1.33 | 1.24-1.43 |
| Adulthood, post labour market entry | |||
| Unemployment 1974-1990 (> 0 days) | 12 875 | 2.23 | 2.11-2.36 |
| Low educational level (≤9 yrs), 1990 | 11 327 | 1.68 | 1.58-1.78 |
| Low income (lowest quintile), 1990 | 10 288 | 1.61 | 1.52-1.70 |
| Manual occupation, 1990a | 16 468 | 2.42 | 2.26-2.60 |
| Low job control (lowest quartile), 1990b | 9797 | 1.87 | 1.75-1.99 |
| High physical strain at work (highest quartile), 1990b | 11 307 | 1.49 | 1.39-1.59 |
| Sickness absence 1990-91 (highest two quintiles, 8-528 days)c | 16 370 | 3.39 | 3.18-3.62 |
| Unemployment 1992-94 (>0 days)c | 8176 | 2.41 | 2.26-2.57 |
a For the purpose of obtaining a single measure of the relative risk of DP associated with socioeconomic position (SEP), the HR’s of manual occupation (compared with non-manual occupation) as reference were analyzed in subsamples of 38 268 (childhood SEP) and 36 078 (adult SEP). In all the main analyses, adjustments were made for all the occupational groups.
b Job exposure variables were analyzed in a subsample of 39 714 men.
c Sickness absence 1990-91 and unemployment 1992-94 were analyzed in a subsample of 42 234 men with follow-up starting in 1995.