Table 3.
Adjusted Mean Levels of Pulmonary Function by Sex and CES-D Score Categories, Mean (SE), in Erie and Niagara Counties, Western New York State, 1996-2000.
| Male |
Female |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary function | CES-D category | N | Model 1a | Model 2b | N | Model 1a | Model 2b |
| FEV1d | 0 – 3 | 574 | 3.40 (0.02) | 3.45 (0.03) | 501 | 2.59 (0.02) | 2.56 (0.02) |
| 4 – 8 | 346 | 3.34 (0.03) | 3.45 (0.04) | 338 | 2.57 (0.02) | 2.58 (0.03) | |
| 9 – 15 | 222 | 3.27 (0.04) | 3.37 (0.05) | 260 | 2.56 (0.02) | 2.56 (0.03) | |
| ≥ 16 | 134 | 3.11 (0.05) | 3.26 (0.06) | 176 | 2.50 (0.03) | 2.49 (0.04) | |
| P-value for trend | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.058 | |||
| interaction P-valuef | 0.003 | ||||||
| FVC | 0 – 3 | 574 | 4.42 (0.03) | 4.53 (0.03) | 501 | 3.32 (0.02) | 3.30 (0.03) |
| 4 – 8 | 346 | 4.35 (0.04) | 4.51 (0.05) | 338 | 3.32 (0.02) | 3.34 (0.03) | |
| 9 – 15 | 222 | 4.30 (0.05) | 4.41 (0.06) | 260 | 3.28 (0.03) | 3.28 (0.04) | |
| ≥ 16 | 134 | 4.14 (0.06) | 4.32 (0.08) | 176 | 3.22 (0.04) | 3.21 (0.04) | |
| P-value for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | 0.022 | |||
| interaction P-valuef | 0.008 | ||||||
| FEV1%d,e | 0 – 3 | 574 | 99.0 (0.86) | 501 | 101.2 (0.86) | ||
| 4 – 8 | 346 | 98.7 (1.15) | 338 | 102.4 (1.08) | |||
| 9 – 15 | 222 | 96.3 (1.48) | 260 | 102.2 (1.22) | |||
| ≥ 16 | 134 | 94.6 (1.97) | 176 | 99.3 (1.53) | |||
| P-value for trend | 0.004 | 0.30 | |||||
| interaction P-valuef | 0.048 | ||||||
| FVC%e | 0 – 3 | 574 | 98.9 (0.76) | 501 | 101.8 (0.82) | ||
| 4 – 8 | 346 | 98.3 (1.02) | 338 | 103.3 (1.03) | |||
| 9 – 15 | 222 | 96.3 (1.31) | 260 | 101.7 (1.16) | |||
| ≥ 16 | 134 | 95.4 (1.75) | 176 | 100.0 (1.45) | |||
| P-value for trend | 0.004 | 0.14 | |||||
| interaction P-valuef | 0.16 | ||||||
Abbreviations: CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume; FVC = forced vital capacity; SE = standard error.
a
Model 1: General linear model adjusted for age, height, and race.
b
Model 2: General linear model adjusted for Model 1 variables plus smoking status, lifetime pack years, abdominal height, education, and serum beta cryptoxanthin.
d
FEV1 and FEV1% were also adjusted for eosinophil count.
e
FEV1% and FVC% were analyzed without adjustments for age, height, and race.
f
P-values represent multiplicative interaction terms for sex and CES-D score.