Table 1. Results of generalised linear mixed-effect model analysis on eight phenotypic traits of Campanula thyrsoides measured in the common garden.
| Post-transplantation survival | Leaf length to width ratio 2008 | Leaf length to width ratio 2009 | Number of leaves | Number of inflorescences | Maximum inflorescence height | Number of flowers | Above-ground biomass | ||||||||||||||||||
| df | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | χ2 | %VC | |||||||||
| Initial rosette diameter1 | 1 | 479.0 | *** | 62.8 | 94.3 | *** | 4.0 | 52.1 | *** | 3.3 | 156.7 | *** | 16.3 | 15.4 | *** | 0.1 | 52.5 | *** | 0.0 | 34.9 | *** | 0.3 | 85.1 | *** | 10.4 |
| Geographic distance1 | 1 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 14.7 | *** | 8.9 | 0.3 | 3.7 | 43.4 | *** | 3.6 | 41.2 | *** | 1.9 | 117.7 | *** | 6.6 | 0.8 | 4.0 | 51.4 | *** | 1.9 | |||
| Clipping treatment2 | 1 | - | - | 1.2 | 0.2 | 36.7 | *** | 6.4 | 155.9 | *** | 23.5 | 49.8 | *** | 1.6 | 19.5 | *** | 2.7 | 95.5 | *** | 21.5 | 77.8 | *** | 14.8 | ||
| Region2 | 3 | 24.0 | *** | 18.3 | 35.0 | *** | 9.0 | 19.9 | *** | 0.0 | 17.1 | *** | 2.6 | 37.3 | *** | 1.0 | 67.5 | *** | 23.9 | 43.9 | *** | 0.8 | 39.8 | *** | 15.9 |
| Population (Region)3 | 1 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 108.9 | *** | 8.9 | 46.8 | *** | 3.7 | 68.8 | *** | 3.6 | 38.7 | *** | 1.6 | 39.0 | *** | 6.5 | 18.6 | *** | 5.9 | 10.6 | ** | 1.9 | |
| Seed family (Population)3 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 19.4 | *** | 8.4 | 9.2 | ** | 7.9 | 4.1 | * | 2.2 | 16.0 | *** | 2.3 | 17.9 | *** | 9.7 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 4.6 | * | 4.7 | ||
| Clipping×Region2 | 3 | - | - | 2.4 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 7.6 | (*) | 0.0 | 7.7 | (*) | 1.0 | 18.7 | *** | 3.0 | |||||
| Clipping×Pop (Region)3 | 1 | - | - | 0.1 | 0.8 | 4.4 | * | 5.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.1 | ** | 5.3 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Clipping×Seed family (Population)3 | 1 | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
| Residuals | 609– 942 | 13.1 | 60.0 | 69.4 | 44.9 | 91.5 | 45.4 | 62.9 | 45.5 | ||||||||||||||||
1
Covariate; 2 Fixed effect; 3 Random effect. χ2 values and their significances were obtained from model comparisons. %VC – Variance components were obtained from analyses with all factors treated as random effects. df – degrees of freedom, residual df varies per trait due to mortality and due to flowering traits being recorded in flowering plants only. (*) P = 0.054; * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001.