Table 4. Definitions of Albuminuria, eGFR categories and Outcomes.
| Author | Urine measurement methoda | Definition of microalbuminuria | Definition of macroalbuminuria | Definition of any level of albuminuria | eGFR categories | Criteria of renal failure | Criteria of CV mortality | Definition of CV diseaseb |
| Jager [15] | ACR | >2.0 mg/mmol | ICD code 390–459 | Heart/Brain | ||||
| O’Hare [16] | ACR | 30–299 mg/gCr | ≥300 mg/gCr | |||||
| Grauslund [17] | spot | 30–299 mg/L | ≥300 mg/L | ICD-9 codes 430.0–438.9ICD-10 codes I20.0–I25.9, I60.0–I60.9 | Heart/Brain | |||
| Molitch [18] | AER | 30–300 mg/24 h | >300 mg/24 h | sustained eGFR<60 | ||||
| Ninomiya [10] | ACR | 30–300 mg/gCr | >300 mg/gCr | >90, 60–89, <60 | death as a result of kidney disease, requirement for dialysis or transplantation, or doubling of serum creatinine to >200 µmol/L | death as a result of coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease | Heart/Brain | |
| Groop [19] | AER | 20–200 µg/min | >200 µg/min | |||||
| de Boer [20] | ACR | ≥30 mg/gCr | ≥60, <60 | death from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or stroke | Heart/Brain | |||
| Vlek [6] | ACR | >3 mg/mmol | >60, ≤60 | Vascular death, Stroke, Myocardial infarction | Heart/Brain | |||
| Luk [21] | ACR | 2.5–30 mg/mmol (women) 3.5–30 mg/mmol (men) | >30 mg/mmol | ICD-9 code 250.4, 585, 586 ICD-9 procedure code 39.95 (hemodialysis), 54.98 (peritoneal dialysis) | ||||
| Tong [22] | ACR | 3.5–25 mg/mmol | ≥25 mg/mmol | eGFR halving, eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2, death as a result of renal causes or need for dialysis | ||||
| Bruno [23] | AER | 20–200 µg/min | >200 µg/min | ≥60, <60 | ICD code 390–459 | Heart/Brain | ||
| Roy [24] | AER | 20–200 µg/min | >200 µg/min | |||||
| So [25] | ACR | 3.5–25 mg/mmol | ≥25 mg/mmol | >3.5 mg/mmol | >90, 60–89, 30–59, 15–29 | Reduction in eGFR by 50% or progression to eGFR 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 (stage 5) or renal dialysis or death secondary to renal causes | ||
| Retnakaran [26] | spot | 50–299 mg/L | ≥300 mg/L | Creatinine clearance ≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | ||||
| Xu [27] | ACR | ≥30, <300 mg/gCr | ≥300 mg/gCr | definite fatal MI, definite sudden death due to CHD, definite or possible fatal CHD, definite or possible fatal stroke, definite or possible fatal CHF, and other fatal CVD | Heart/Brain | |||
| Yuyun [28] | AER | 30–300 mg/24 h | >300 mg/24 h | |||||
| Bruno [29] | AER | 20–200 ug/min | >200 ug/min | ESRD (need for dialysis) or chronic renal failure | ||||
| Jude [30] | PER | Urine protein ≥0.5 g/24 h | from death certificates | Heart/Brain | ||||
| Ostgren [31] | qualitative | Specific microalbumiuria dipstick positive | ||||||
| Stehouwer [32] | AER | 30–299 mg/24 h | ≥300 mg/24 h | |||||
| Gerstein [33] | ACR | >2.0 mg/mmol exclude dipstick–positive proteinuria | ||||||
| de Grauw [34] | spot | 20–200 mg/L | >200 mg/L | |||||
| Florkowski [35] | spot | ≥50 mg/l | ||||||
| Casiglia [36] | AER | 30–300 mg/24 h | >300 mg/24 h | >60, ≤60 | from the hospital of physicians’ files | Heart/Brain | ||
| Valmadrid [37] | qualitative | Agglutination inhibition assay positive,and reagent strip negative | Urine protein ≥0.3 g/L | ICD9 codes 402, 404, 410–414, 428, 430–438 | Heart/Brain | |||
| Hänninen [38] | AER | ≥20 µg/min | ||||||
| Mattock [39] | AER | 20–200 µg/min | UAER >200 µg/min | from death certificates | Heart | |||
| Beilin [40] | spot | 30–300 mg/L | ≥300 mg/L | ICD9 codes 390 to 458, 410 to 414 | Heart/Brain | |||
| Rossing [41] | AER | 31–299 mg/24 h | ≥300 mg/24 h | from death certificate | Heart/Brain | |||
| Gall [42] | AER | 30–299 mg/24 h | AER ≥300 mg/24 h | from death certificates | Heart/Brain | |||
| Neil [43] | spot | 40–200 mg/L | UAC >200 mg/L |
a
Urine measurement method: ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; AER, albumin excretion rate; PER, protein excretion rate; spot, spot urinary albumin concentration; qualitative, qualitative detection of albumin in urine.
b
Definition of CV disease: Heart, ischemic heart disease; Brain, cerebrovascular disease.