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. 2013 Oct 17;4:282. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00282

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Copyright © 2013 Trenor, Cardona, Saiz, Rajamani, Belardinelli and Giles.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram illustrating a plausible mechanism for generation of EADs in our modified Grandi model of the human ventricular action potential. Panels (A through C) each consist of a pair of superimposed records for the AP, I_Na-L, and I_Ca-L records, respectively. Those in black correspond to control or baseline conditions, and the CO-induced changes are shown in red. Important new information is illustrated in the corresponding (i) I_NCX currents, Panel (D); (ii) [Ca²⁺]_I data, Panel (E); and the current generated by Ca²⁺ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum I_rel, Panel (F). The arrows denote the EAD (Panel A) and underlying spontaneous Ca²⁺ release from the SR (Panel F), and I_NCX current driven by the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i (Panel E). Refer to Results and Discussion sections for further details and explanation.