Table 1.

GADD45 mutations in human cancer cells.

Cancer cell type	GADD45 mutations
Atypical fibroxanthoma	No mutations in GADD45α [116]
Breast cancer	No mutations in GADD45α [113, 114]
Breast, bladder, cervix, epidermis, leukemia, lung, ovarian, sarcoma and testis	No mutations in GADD45α [115]
Pancreas invasive ductal carcinomas	Point mutations in exon 4 of GADD45α in 13% of the patients analyzed [117]
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	GADD45α mutations in 9.1% of the Egyptian patients and 4.5% of the American patients analyzed [118]