TABLE 2.
Participant measures of cardiometabolic risk by Institute of Medicine/National Research Council category of GWG (n = 478)1
| Inadequate GWG(n = 107; 22%) | Adequate GWG(n = 145; 30%) | Excessive GWG(n = 226; 47%) | P2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.00 ± 73 | 25.68 ± 6 | 28.45 ± 7 | <0.01 |
| Weight change, current weight − prepregnancy weight (kg) | 2.91 ± 7 | 5.86 ± 9 | 10.06 ± 11 | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.20 ± 15 | 87.37 ± 13 | 93.78 ± 15 | <0.01 |
| Abdominal obesity, waist circumference >88 cm [n (%)] | 42 (17) | 57 (24) | 142 (59) | <0.01 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 107.31 ± 13 | 106.46 ± 11 | 107.07 ± 10 | 0.81 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 69.84 ± 9 | 69.33 ± 7 | 69.77 ± 8 | 0.84 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 85 (58–124)4 | 88 (65–128) | 86.5 (66–131) | 0.24 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60.77 ± 15 | 60.06 ± 14 | 56.00 ± 14 | <0.01 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 109.58 ± 35 | 105.48 ± 33 | 112.08 ± 32 | 0.17 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.07 ± 38 | 185.79 ± 39 | 189.93 ± 39 | 0.59 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93 (88–98) | 92 (88–99) | 93 (89–98) | 0.61 |
| Insulin (IU/mL) | 8.60 (7–11) | 9.45 (7–12) | 9.90 (7–13) | 0.15 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 14 (17) | 18 (22) | 49 (60) | 0.03 |
| Components of the metabolic syndrome [n (%)] | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL5 | 24 (24) | 31 (31) | 26 (46) | 0.91 |
| Blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg5 | 10 (28) | 8 (22) | 18 (50) | 0.49 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL5 | 13 (16) | 25 (32) | 41 (52) | 0.37 |
| HDL cholesterol <50 mg/dL5 | 31 (20) | 36 (24) | 86 (56) | 0.02 |
| Waist circumference >88 cm | 42 (17) | 57 (24) | 142 (59) | <0.01 |
1
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GWG, gestational weight gain; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
2
Results were derived from chi-square tests or ANOVA.
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).
4
Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values).
5
Either the condition for each metabolic criterion was met or the individual was taking medication for the specific condition (eg, blood pressure).