TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Puerto Ricans by energy-adjusted quartiles of the modified AHA-DLS¹

	Quartiles of AHA-DLS
	1(n = 233)	2(n = 233)	3(n = 234)	4(n = 233)
Characteristic	18.8 (5.7–22.9)2	26.0 (23.0–28.9)	32.4 (29.0–36.2)	42.2 (36.3–60.6)	P-trend
Age (y)3	59.1 ± 0.54	59.7 ± 0.5	60.7 ± 0.5	61.2 ± 0.55	0.002
BMI (kg/m2)6	31.2 ± 0.4	31.9 ± 0.4	32.0 ± 0.4	31.3 ± 0.4	0.99
Height (m)6	1.60 ± 0.01	1.61 ± 0.01	1.61 ± 0.01	1.61 ± 0.01	0.25
Current smoker (%)6	27.9	26.7	26.4	23.5	0.27
Physical activity score6	30.4 ± 0.4	31.0 ± 0.4	31.6 ± 0.45	32.8 ± 0.47	<0.0001
Total energy intake (kcal/d)6	2045 ± 51	2066 ± 51	2164 ± 51	2077 ± 51	0.47
Calcium intake (mg/d)8	870 ± 27	935 ± 27	935 ± 27	1061 ± 276	<0.0001
Plasma vitamin D (ng/mL)6	19.6 ± 0.5	19.4 ± 0.5	19.2 ± 0.5	19.7 ± 0.5	0.93
Diabetes (%)6	48.1	41.0	39.3	46.7	0.99
Total household income (US$/y)6	14822 ± 1323	16984 ± 1334	19777 ± 13365	24382 ± 13267	<0.0001
Education (%)6
<9th grade	52.1	52.5	46.7	33.07	<0.0001
9th–12th grade/GED	40.7	35.7	39.1	40.1	0.72
College/some graduate school	7.1	11.3	14.2	26.77	<0.0001
Multivitamin use (%)6	51.9	54.8	58.1	58.2	0.14
Osteoporosis medication use (%)6	29.1	33.6	33.0	40.15	0.01
Season of BMD measurement (%)6
Winter	24.3	28.0	23.6	20.6	0.21
Spring	31.0	30.2	29.1	31.5	0.94
Summer	28.2	24.3	31.9	28.9	0.52
Fall	16.0	17.4	15.4	18.5	0.58
Acculturation6	21.5 ± 1.4	23.5 ± 1.4	27.2 ± 1.49	31.2 ± 1.47	<0.0001
Perceived stress score6	25.1 ± 0.5	23.2 ± 0.65	22.6 ± 0.59	20.8 ± 0.67	<0.0001

¹AHA-DLS, American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Score; BMD, bone mineral density; GED, General Education Development.

²Median; range in parentheses (all such values).

³Adjusted for sex by ANOVA (PROC GLM; SAS Institute).

⁴Mean ± SEM (all such values).

^5,7,9Significantly different from quartile 1 (Dunnett's adjustment): ⁵P < 0.05, ⁷P < 0.0001, ⁹P < 0.01.

⁶Adjusted for age and sex by ANOVA (PROC GLM; SAS Institute).

⁸Adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake by ANOVA (PROC GLM; SAS Institute).