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. 2013 Aug 27;2(10):1084–1090. doi: 10.1242/bio.20135033

Fig. 1. Effects of ER-stress inducers, NaF, tunicamycin (Tu) and thapsigargin (Tg), on cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

Fig. 1.

(A) Cell viability in HepG2 Cells exposed to ER-stress inducers for 0∼24 hr was measured with the MTT assay (Cell Counting Kit of Dojindo). (B) Densitometric analysis of autophagy activity in HepG2 cells exposed to ER-stress inducers for 6 hr was performed with MDC. The activity was determined as the fluorescence intensity of MDC incorporated into the cell cultured with each ER-stress inducer in the presence or absence of wortmannin (Wt). Cell image under the fluorescent microscope is shown in the right panel. Lower row photographs of the panel indicate the Wt-treated cells. (C) Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells exposed to ER-stress inducers for 6 hr was examined with Hoechest33342 staining. Apoptosis was identified as the nuclear staining pattern. The incidence of apoptosis is indicated as the percentage of apoptotic cells to total cells in a selected area. Photograph of apoptosis is indicated in the upper panel of Fig. 6. Methodological details of morphometrical and biochemical analysis are given in Materials and Methods. Data are mean ± SD of three individual experiments. #P<0.05. Scale bar: 50 µm.