Table 4. Adjusted meana (%) HbA1c by age, BMI, and parental family history of diabetes according to PPARG2 genotype in men and women.
| Men (n = 1280) |
P for difference |
P for interaction |
Women (n = 1356) |
P for difference |
P for interaction |
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|
|
|
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| PP (n = 1194) | PA + AA (n = 86) | PP (n = 1274) | PA + AA (n = 82) | |||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 35–49 | 5.43 (5.38–5.48) | 5.40 (5.17–5.62) | 0.7846 | 0.7254 | 5.28 (5.24–5.32) | 5.24 (5.11–5.34) | 0.5152 | 0.5552 |
| 50–69 | 5.56 (5.52–5.61) | 5.59 (5.43–5.75) | 0.7717 | 5.53 (5.50–5.56) | 5.41 (4.93–5.19) | 0.0811 | ||
| P = 0.0003 | P = 0.5388 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.1413 | |||||
| BMI | ||||||||
| Q1 + Q2 | 5.46 (5.41–5.50) | 5.50 (5.34–5.67) | 0.5870 | 0.7500 | 5.40 (5.37–5.43) | 5.43 (5.30–5.55) | 0.6232 | 0.0286 |
| Q3 + Q4 | 5.62 (5.56–5.68) | 5.60 (5.38–5.82) | 0.8779 | 5.57 (5.53–5.61) | 5.37 (5.20–5.54) | 0.0222 | ||
| P < 0.0001 | P = 0.6439 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.2842 | |||||
| Energy | ||||||||
| Q1 + Q2 | 5.56 (5.50–5.62) | 5.70 (5.49–5.92) | 0.2041 | 0.0673 | 5.48 (5.45–5.52) | 5.34 (5.19–5.50) | 0.0764 | 0.3936 |
| Q3 + Q4 | 5.52 (5.48–5.56) | 5.39 (5.23–5.55) | 0.1407 | 5.48 (5.44–5.52) | 5.43 (5.28–5.57) | 0.4847 | ||
| P = 0.3685 | P = 0.0678 | P = 0.6663 | P = 0.4948 | |||||
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| Never + Former | 5.60 (5.52–5.67) | 5.66 (5.38–5.95) | 0.6557 | 0.7657 | 5.50 (5.47–5.53) | 5.44 (4.96–5.22) | 0.3807 | 0.3695 |
| Current | 5.52 (5.48–5.56) | 5.52 (5.36–5.67) | 0.9605 | 5.44 (5.40–5.49) | 5.32 (5.15–5.49) | 0.1774 | ||
| P = 0.1324 | P = 0.8174 | P = 0.3574 | P = 0.3742 | |||||
| Family history of diabetesb | ||||||||
| Positive | 5.73 (5.64–5.81) | 5.50 (5.13–5.87) | 0.2290 | 0.5604 | 5.60 (5.50–5.69) | 5.59 (5.02–6.15) | 0.9651 | 0.7307 |
| Negative | 5.51 (5.46–5.55) | 5.45 (5.29–5.62) | 0.5411 | 5.46 (5.43–5.49) | 5.37 (5.26–5.47) | 0.0983 | ||
| Unknown | 5.50 (5.42–5.58) | 5.89 (5.59–6.18) | 0.0133 | 5.46 (5.40–5.52) | 5.35 (5.14–5.56) | 0.3151 | ||
| P < 0.0001 | P = 0.5172 | P = 0.0002 | P = 0.1876 | |||||
aAdjusted for age (continuous), body mass index (BMI; continuous), energy intake (continuous), physical activity level (continuous), ethanol intake (never, former, or current drinker consuming 0.1–22.9, 23.0–45.9, or ≥46 g ethanol/d), and smoking (never, former, or current smoker of 1–19, 20–39, or ≥40 cigarettes/d), and family history of diabetes (positive, negative, or unknown).
b P for difference and P for interaction were compared using the adjusted means of individuals with and without a family history of diabetes.