Table 1. Definitions of levels used in the Japanese public long-term care insurance system.

Level	ADL condition	Available services	Available monthly cost limit for service (Japanese yen)
Preventive-1/ Preventive-2	LTC is needed for some aspects of daily living, but proper care can improve or maintain ADL	LTC prevention programs	49 700/104 000
LTC-1	Unstable in rising and gait; partial support needed in toileting, bathing, etc.	Home-visit care, facility-based services	165 800
LTC-2	Difficulty in rising and gait; partial or complete support needed in toileting, bathing, etc.	Home-visit care up to 3 times a week, or facility-based services	194 800
LTC-3	Impossible to rise and no gait. Complete support needed in toileting, bathing, dressing, and all other basic ADL	Home-visit care during day and evening, home-visit intensive nursing care, or facility rehabilitation services (1 or 2 service times per day)	267 500
LTC-4	Severe decline in ADL capacity; complete support needed in toileting, bathing, dressing, and all other basic ADL	Home-visit care during day and evening, home-visit intensive nursing care, or facility rehabilitation services (2 or 3 service times per day)	306 000
LTC-5	Complete support needed in all ADL; difficulty with communication	Home-visit care during day and evening, home-visit intensive nursing care, or facility rehabilitation services (3 or 4 service times per day)	358 300

ADL: activities of daily living, LTC: long-term care.