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. 2012 Nov 5;22(6):543–550. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20120025

Table 7. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause mortality.

  Bivariate Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Mujin        
 Intensity and attitudea 0.87 (0.70–1.08) 1.00 (0.78–1.29) 1.04 (0.80–1.34) 1.08 (0.83–1.39)
 Financinga 1.16 (1.05–1.29) 1.09 (0.99–1.21) 1.11 (0.99–1.24) 1.09 (0.97–1.22)
Age: 75+ (vs <75) 3.45 (2.09–5.71) 2.92 (1.64–5.22) 3.13 (1.73–5.66) 3.41 (1.86–6.24)
Male (vs female) 2.51 (1.60–3.91) 2.04 (1.16–3.58) 2.18 (1.21–3.92) 3.18 (1.48–6.81)
Having spouse: no (vs yes) 1.12 (0.73–1.73) 1.49 (0.78–2.86) 1.58 (0.82–3.07) 1.82 (0.91–3.65)
Household members (base: 3+ people)        
 Living alone 0.50 (0.20–1.26) 0.50 (0.17–1.47) 0.53 (0.18–1.57) 0.65 (0.21–1.98)
 2 0.83 (0.54–1.27) 0.96 (0.57–1.60) 1.10 (0.62–1.96) 1.20 (0.66–2.17)
Physical health (SF-36, PCS score)a 0.83 (0.69–1.01) 0.84 (0.67–1.06) 0.85 (0.67–1.06) 0.88 (0.70–1.11)
Education: high school graduate or higher (vs less than high school graduate) 0.77 (0.50–1.20) 0.92 (0.57–1.50) 0.97 (0.60–1.57) 1.11 (0.67–1.83)
Income (log-transformed: yen/month) 1.01 (0.92–1.11) 1.01 (0.90–1.14) 1.02 (0.90–1.15) 1.03 (0.91–1.16)
Social activity (base: not active)        
 Normal 0.52 (0.31–0.88)   0.61 (0.32–1.17) 0.64 (0.33–1.24)
 Active 0.42 (0.23–0.75)   0.43 (0.22–0.84) 0.42 (0.21–0.84)
 Very active 0.45 (0.21–0.95)   0.40 (0.16–0.99) 0.42 (0.16–1.05)
Smoking habits (Base: Never)        
 Ex-smoker 1.48 (0.95–2.32)     0.79 (0.39–1.59)
 Current smoker 1.58 (0.88–2.82)     1.27 (0.55–2.93)
Alcohol consumption (Base: nondrinker; g/day)        
 1–20 1.73 (1.02–2.94)     1.41 (0.72–2.75)
 21–40 0.83 (0.48–1.41)     0.57 (0.28–1.14)
 40+ 0.40 (0.18–0.88)     0.31 (0.12–0.79)
Exercise habits (yes) (vs no) 1.03 (0.98–1.08)     0.97 (0.90–1.04)

aHR is per 1-SD increase.