Table 7. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause mortality.
| Bivariate | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Mujin | ||||
| Intensity and attitudea | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 1.08 (0.83–1.39) |
| Financinga | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 1.09 (0.99–1.21) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) |
| Age: 75+ (vs <75) | 3.45 (2.09–5.71) | 2.92 (1.64–5.22) | 3.13 (1.73–5.66) | 3.41 (1.86–6.24) |
| Male (vs female) | 2.51 (1.60–3.91) | 2.04 (1.16–3.58) | 2.18 (1.21–3.92) | 3.18 (1.48–6.81) |
| Having spouse: no (vs yes) | 1.12 (0.73–1.73) | 1.49 (0.78–2.86) | 1.58 (0.82–3.07) | 1.82 (0.91–3.65) |
| Household members (base: 3+ people) | ||||
| Living alone | 0.50 (0.20–1.26) | 0.50 (0.17–1.47) | 0.53 (0.18–1.57) | 0.65 (0.21–1.98) |
| 2 | 0.83 (0.54–1.27) | 0.96 (0.57–1.60) | 1.10 (0.62–1.96) | 1.20 (0.66–2.17) |
| Physical health (SF-36, PCS score)a | 0.83 (0.69–1.01) | 0.84 (0.67–1.06) | 0.85 (0.67–1.06) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) |
| Education: high school graduate or higher (vs less than high school graduate) | 0.77 (0.50–1.20) | 0.92 (0.57–1.50) | 0.97 (0.60–1.57) | 1.11 (0.67–1.83) |
| Income (log-transformed: yen/month) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) |
| Social activity (base: not active) | ||||
| Normal | 0.52 (0.31–0.88) | 0.61 (0.32–1.17) | 0.64 (0.33–1.24) | |
| Active | 0.42 (0.23–0.75) | 0.43 (0.22–0.84) | 0.42 (0.21–0.84) | |
| Very active | 0.45 (0.21–0.95) | 0.40 (0.16–0.99) | 0.42 (0.16–1.05) | |
| Smoking habits (Base: Never) | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 1.48 (0.95–2.32) | 0.79 (0.39–1.59) | ||
| Current smoker | 1.58 (0.88–2.82) | 1.27 (0.55–2.93) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (Base: nondrinker; g/day) | ||||
| 1–20 | 1.73 (1.02–2.94) | 1.41 (0.72–2.75) | ||
| 21–40 | 0.83 (0.48–1.41) | 0.57 (0.28–1.14) | ||
| 40+ | 0.40 (0.18–0.88) | 0.31 (0.12–0.79) | ||
| Exercise habits (yes) (vs no) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) |
aHR is per 1-SD increase.