Table 1. Summary of items surveyed in the Hatoyama Cohort Study at baseline, 2010.

Demographics
	Living arrangements
	Socioeconomic status
Medical and lifestyle characteristics
	History of physician-diagnosed diseases
	Medication
	Smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, sleeping, physical activity
Body composition
	Body mass index
	Fat mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass
Cardiovascular function
	Blood pressure and heart rate
	Arterial stiffness (baPWV and ABI)
Nutritional function
	Serum albumin, total cholesterol, blood hemoglobin
	Food intake frequency
Physical function
	Grip strength, walking speed, step length, standing time on 1 foot with eyes open
Oral function
	Chewing and swallowing (RSST)
Psychological function
	Self-rated health
	Depressive mood (GDS short form)
Cognitive function
	Mini-Mental Status Examination
	Trail Making Test Parts A and B
	Delayed word-recall task
Activities of daily living
	Basic activities of daily living
	Higher-order competence of independence (TMIG-IC)
Social function
	Social capital (social network, social support, social participation, general trust, norm of reciprocity)
Neighborhood environment
	Neighborhood living environment (aesthetics, green space, land-use mix)
	Neighborhood social capital (aggregation of individual social capital in the neighborhood)
Frailty
	Kaigo-yobo checklist
	Fried’s frailty indicators

baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. ABI: ankle brachial index. RSST: Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test. GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale. TMIG-IC: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence.