Table 1. Percent change (95% CI) in total mortality per 10-µg/m3 increment in air pollutants at different temperature strata.
Percentile cut-points for temperature (L, U) |
PM10 | SO2 | NO2 | O3 | |||||
% | P valuea | % | P valuea | % | P valuea | % | P valuea | ||
(5–95) | 5% L | 0.46 (0.21, 0.72) | 0.03b | 1.56 (0.95, 2.16) | 0.05 | 1.25 (0.71, 1.79) | 0.15 | 1.78 (0.84, 2.73) | <0.01b |
95% U | 0.44 (0.07, 0.82) | 0.18 | 1.05 (0.31, 1.79) | 0.94 | 1.04 (0.33, 1.75) | 0.73 | 0.54 (0.15, 0.92) | 0.77 | |
5%–95% | 0.20 (0.06, 0.34) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.43) | 0.92 (0.54, 1.31) | 0.58 (0.25, 0.92) | |||||
(10–90) | 10% L | 0.42 (0.20, 0.64) | 0.04b | 1.30 (0.78, 1.82) | 0.29 | 1.17 (0.69, 1.66) | 0.20 | 2.06 (1.21, 2.91) | <0.01b |
90% U | 0.39 (0.02, 0.76) | 0.29 | 0.91 (0.15, 1.67) | 0.70 | 0.95 (0.23, 1.66) | 0.95 | 0.47 (0.08, 0.86) | 0.39 | |
10%–90% | 0.19 (0.05, 0.33) | 1.04 (0.63, 1.46) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.32) | 0.62 (0.29, 0.96) | |||||
(15–85) | 15% L | 0.40 (0.21, 0.58) | 0.01b | 1.31 (0.84, 1.77) | 0.16 | 1.20 (0.77, 1.64) | 0.05 | 2.17 (1.46, 2.88) | <0.01b |
85% U | 0.30 (−0.01, 0.63) | 0.41 | 0.78 (0.05, 1.52) | 0.52 | 0.81 (0.20, 1.42) | 0.78 | 0.42 (0.05, 0.79) | 0.19 | |
15%–85% | 0.17 (0.03, 0.32) | 1.01 (0.58, 1.44) | 0.89 (0.49, 1.29) | 0.66 (0.32, 1.00) | |||||
(20–80) | 20% L | 0.30 (0.13, 0.47) | 0.12 | 1.18 (0.73, 1.63) | 0.54 | 1.07 (0.65, 1.50) | 0.25 | 1.66 (1.03, 2.29) | <0.01b |
80% U | 0.36 (0.07, 0.65) | 0.20 | 1.03 (0.34, 1.71) | 0.93 | 0.99 (0.44, 1.55) | 0.70 | 0.51 (0.16, 0.85) | 0.55 | |
20%–80% | 0.18 (0.03, 0.33) | 1.05 (0.62, 1.49) | 0.90 (0.50, 1.30) | 0.61 (0.25, 0.96) | |||||
(25–75) | 25% L | 0.32 (0.15, 0.49) | 0.05 | 1.20 (0.76, 1.64) | 0.43 | 1.09 (0.66, 1.51) | 0.22 | 1.44 (0.88, 2.00) | <0.01b |
75% U | 0.29 (0.02, 0.56) | 0.35 | 0.91 (0.25, 1.57) | 0.68 | 0.93 (0.41, 1.45) | 0.92 | 0.47 (0.13, 0.80) | 0.46 | |
25%–75% | 0.16 (0.01, 0.32) | 1.04 (0.59, 1.49) | 0.91 (0.50, 1.31) | 0.59 (0.22, 0.96) |
Abbreviations: PM10, particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter; SO2, sulfur dioxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxides; O3, ozone.
aP value for lower and upper temperature stratum compared with normal temperature.
bStatistically significant (P < 0.05).