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. 2012 Jan 5;22(1):28–36. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20110049

Table 1. Percent change (95% CI) in total mortality per 10-µg/m3 increment in air pollutants at different temperature strata.

Percentile cut-points for
temperature (L, U)
PM10 SO2 NO2 O3




% P valuea % P valuea % P valuea % P valuea
(5–95) 5% L 0.46 (0.21, 0.72) 0.03b 1.56 (0.95, 2.16) 0.05 1.25 (0.71, 1.79) 0.15 1.78 (0.84, 2.73) <0.01b
95% U 0.44 (0.07, 0.82) 0.18 1.05 (0.31, 1.79) 0.94 1.04 (0.33, 1.75) 0.73 0.54 (0.15, 0.92) 0.77
5%–95% 0.20 (0.06, 0.34)   1.03 (0.63, 1.43)   0.92 (0.54, 1.31)   0.58 (0.25, 0.92)  
(10–90) 10% L 0.42 (0.20, 0.64) 0.04b 1.30 (0.78, 1.82) 0.29 1.17 (0.69, 1.66) 0.20 2.06 (1.21, 2.91) <0.01b
90% U 0.39 (0.02, 0.76) 0.29 0.91 (0.15, 1.67) 0.70 0.95 (0.23, 1.66) 0.95 0.47 (0.08, 0.86) 0.39
10%–90% 0.19 (0.05, 0.33)   1.04 (0.63, 1.46)   0.93 (0.54, 1.32)   0.62 (0.29, 0.96)  
(15–85) 15% L 0.40 (0.21, 0.58) 0.01b 1.31 (0.84, 1.77) 0.16 1.20 (0.77, 1.64) 0.05 2.17 (1.46, 2.88) <0.01b
85% U 0.30 (−0.01, 0.63) 0.41 0.78 (0.05, 1.52) 0.52 0.81 (0.20, 1.42) 0.78 0.42 (0.05, 0.79) 0.19
15%–85% 0.17 (0.03, 0.32)   1.01 (0.58, 1.44)   0.89 (0.49, 1.29)   0.66 (0.32, 1.00)  
(20–80) 20% L 0.30 (0.13, 0.47) 0.12 1.18 (0.73, 1.63) 0.54 1.07 (0.65, 1.50) 0.25 1.66 (1.03, 2.29) <0.01b
80% U 0.36 (0.07, 0.65) 0.20 1.03 (0.34, 1.71) 0.93 0.99 (0.44, 1.55) 0.70 0.51 (0.16, 0.85) 0.55
20%–80% 0.18 (0.03, 0.33)   1.05 (0.62, 1.49)   0.90 (0.50, 1.30)   0.61 (0.25, 0.96)  
(25–75) 25% L 0.32 (0.15, 0.49) 0.05 1.20 (0.76, 1.64) 0.43 1.09 (0.66, 1.51) 0.22 1.44 (0.88, 2.00) <0.01b
75% U 0.29 (0.02, 0.56) 0.35 0.91 (0.25, 1.57) 0.68 0.93 (0.41, 1.45) 0.92 0.47 (0.13, 0.80) 0.46
25%–75% 0.16 (0.01, 0.32)   1.04 (0.59, 1.49)   0.91 (0.50, 1.31)   0.59 (0.22, 0.96)  

Abbreviations: PM10, particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter; SO2, sulfur dioxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxides; O3, ozone.

aP value for lower and upper temperature stratum compared with normal temperature.

bStatistically significant (P < 0.05).