Table 3. Associations between prolonged heat stress and incident kidney disease among men working full-time.

Prolonged heat stress (2005 and 2009)	Men %	Kidney disease		ORs			P-value	95% CI
		No.	%	Crude	Age adj.a	Adj.b
Men (n = 17 402)		177	1.02
Never	31.5	39	0.71	1	1	1
Non-prolonged heat	42.5	71	0.96	1.35	1.42	1.40	0.099	0.94–2.08
Prolonged heat stress ​  2005 and 2009	26.0	67	1.48	2.09**	2.25**	2.22**	<0.001	1.48–3.35
P-trend				<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

(*P-value <0.05) & (**P-value <0.001).

^aAssociations with heat stress and incidence of kidney disease are expressed as age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs).

^bAssociations with heat stress and incidence of kidney disease are expressed as ORs adjusted for explanatory variables: age, alcohol consumption, smoking, BMI, income, education, job type and job location.