Table 2. Sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for cardiovascular disease mortality by quintile of total cholesterol-adjusted serum α-tocopherol.
| Serum α-tocopherol level |
P for trend |
1-SD increment | |||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
| Q1 (low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (high) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Men | |||||||||||
| Serum α-tocopherol | |||||||||||
| Median, µg/ml | 8.7 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 19.5 | ||||||
| Range, µg/ml | (1.7–10.2) | (10.2–11.8) | (11.8–13.7) | (13.7–16.3) | (16.3–49.0) | ||||||
| Total stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 63 | 32 | 56 | 50 | 56 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 52 | 52 | 48 | 52 | 53 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.50 | (0.27–0.91) | 0.93 | (0.51–1.70) | 0.80 | (0.43–1.49) | 0.92 | (0.49–1.70) | 0.92 | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.44 | (0.22–0.86) | 0.85 | (0.44–1.63) | 0.73 | (0.37–1.42) | 0.81 | (0.41–1.60) | 0.87 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) |
| Ischemic stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 38 | 22 | 37 | 30 | 38 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 31 | 28 | 30 | 43 | 33 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.63 | (0.30–1.33) | 0.92 | (0.42–1.98) | 0.48 | (0.21–1.09) | 0.84 | (0.38–1.85) | 0.89 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.63 | (0.26–1.52) | 0.90 | (0.38–2.16) | 0.46 | (0.19–1.14) | 0.83 | (0.35–2.00) | 0.91 | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 23 | 9 | 17 | 19 | 17 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 19 | 24 | 15 | 9 | 18 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.23 | (0.07–0.78) | 0.97 | (0.34–2.75) | 1.58 | (0.55–4.59) | 0.89 | (0.29–2.74) | 0.61 | 1.08 (0.76–1.52) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.22 | (0.05–0.95) | 1.83 | (0.47–7.11) | 2.11 | (0.54–8.18) | 0.97 | (0.25–3.77) | 0.58 | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) |
| Coronary heart disease | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 28 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 21 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 21 | 23 | 26 | 23 | 21 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.76 | (0.34–1.70) | 0.63 | (0.28–1.42) | 0.63 | (0.26–1.51) | 0.71 | (0.29–1.78) | 0.50 | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.78 | (0.31–1.94) | 0.59 | (0.24–1.45) | 0.65 | (0.23–1.83) | 0.68 | (0.24–1.92) | 0.46 | 0.87 (0.61–1.25) |
| Women | |||||||||||
| Serum α-tocopherol | |||||||||||
| Median, µg/ml | 9.6 | 13.0 | 15.3 | 17.9 | 23.0 | ||||||
| Range, µg/ml | (0.0–11.8) | (11.8–14.1) | (14.2–16.2) | (16.2–19.9) | (19.9–103.8) | ||||||
| Total stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 68 | 57 | 45 | 61 | 42 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 52 | 52 | 56 | 53 | 60 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.70 | (0.39–1.25) | 0.48 | (0.26–0.92) | 0.61 | (0.32–1.20) | 0.39 | (0.20–0.78) | 0.01 | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.70 | (0.37–1.34) | 0.44 | (0.21–0.91) | 0.52 | (0.24–1.10) | 0.35 | (0.16–0.77) | 0.009 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) |
| Ischemic stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 37 | 31 | 20 | 27 | 22 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 30 | 19 | 31 | 25 | 32 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 1.05 | (0.43–2.60) | 0.36 | (0.14–0.95) | 0.53 | (0.19–1.48) | 0.37 | (0.14–1.02) | 0.03 | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 1.19 | (0.40–3.57) | 0.39 | (0.12–1.29) | 0.51 | (0.15–1.74) | 0.47 | (0.14–1.52) | 0.12 | 0.97 (0.66–1.43) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 25 | 25 | 25 | 34 | 16 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 19 | 31 | 23 | 25 | 27 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.57 | (0.25–1.32) | 0.76 | (0.30–1.91) | 0.87 | (0.34–2.23) | 0.38 | (0.14–1.09) | 0.15 | 0.81 (0.58–1.15) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.61 | (0.22–1.74) | 0.74 | (0.22–2.46) | 0.62 | (0.18–2.05) | 0.26 | (0.07–0.97) | 0.048 | 0.68 (0.44–1.05) |
| Coronary heart disease | |||||||||||
| No. of cases | 22 | 25 | 20 | 12 | 18 | ||||||
| No. of controls | 21 | 23 | 17 | 21 | 15 | ||||||
| Age-, community-matched OR | 1.00 | 0.99 | (0.40–2.45) | 1.01 | (0.39–2.59) | 0.52 | (0.18–1.50) | 0.99 | (0.36–2.75) | 0.88 | 0.89 (0.68–1.15) |
| Multivariable ORa | 1.00 | 0.66 | (0.18–2.33) | 0.89 | (0.25–3.17) | 0.33 | (0.08–1.32) | 0.97 | (0.24–3.95) | 0.85 | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) |
aAdjusted for body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25≤), cigarette smoking status (never, ex-, and current), alcohol drinking status (never, ex-, and current), history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, walking (≥30 min/day or not), sports (≥5 h/week or not), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (continuous).