Table 2. Prevalence of low ABI by cardiovascular diseases risk factors among participants without stroke or coronary heart disease.

Variable	Men (n = 872)	Women (n = 1395)	All (n = 2267)
Current smoking
Yes	25 (4.30)	25 (10.64)	50 (6.13)
No	12 (4.12)	66 (5.69)	78 (5.38)
P value	0.9015	0.0051	0.4566
Current drinking
No	31 (6.26)	85 (6.39)	116 (6.36)
Yes	6 (1.59)	6 (9.23)	12 (2.71)
P value	0.0007	0.3103	0.0029
Physical activity
≤1 hour/day	14 (3.47)	37 (5.94)	51 (4.87)
2–3 hours/day	22 (5.29)	50 (7.18)	72 (6.47)
≥4 hours/day	1 (1.92)	4 (5.26)	5 (3.91)
P value	0.2998	0.5931	0.2173
Central obesity
Yes	2 (2.63)	45 (6.47)	47 (6.10)
No	35 (4.40)	45 (6.44)	80 (5.35)
P value	0.4657	0.9775	0.4652
Hypertension
Yes	22 (4.72)	59 (7.44)	81 (6.43)
No	15 (3.69)	32 (5.32)	47 (4.57)
P value	0.4532	0.1115	0.0695
Glucose status
Normal	26 (3.94)	54 (5.33)	80 (4.78)
Impaired fasting glucose	2 (2.47)	10 (7.04)	12 (5.38)
Diabetes mellitus	9 (6.87)	27 (11.25)	36 (9.46)
P value	0.2229	0.0037	0.0010
Dyslipidemia
Yes	19 (4.31)	67 (7.17)	86 (6.19)
No	18 (4.18)	24 (5.21)	42 (4.71)
P value	0.9229	0.1616	0.1192
Hypertriglyceridemia
Yes	6 (3.39)	41 (8.69)	47 (7.10)
No	31 (4.46)	50 (5.42)	81 (5.01)
P value	0.5281	0.0193	0.0371
High LDL-C
Yes	4 (4.65)	20 (8.30)	24 (7.34)
No	33 (4.20)	71 (6.15)	104 (5.36)
P value	0.7783	0.2197	0.1516
Low HDL-C
Yes	10 (6.10)	19 (12.26)	29 (9.09)
No	27 (3.81)	72 (5.81)	99 (5.08)
P value	0.1910	0.0022	0.0040
High total cholesterol
Yes	13 (4.78)	54 (7.45)	67 (6.72)
No	24 (4.00)	37 (5.52)	61 (4.80)
P value	0.5968	0.1456	0.0497
Community type
Rural	14 (3.58)	23 (4.96)	37 (4.33)
Mixed rural–urban	11 (4.35)	33 (7.25)	44 (6.21)
Urban	12 (5.26)	35 (7.35)	47 (6.68)
P value	0.6026	0.2464	0.0992

Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.