Fig. 9.

TGF-β1 upregulates the abundance of phospho-p38. Expression of phospho-p38 MAPK was determined by immunoblots and measured by densitometric analysis using whole cell lysates isolated from PVD9902 monolayers treated with vehicle, SB431542 (10 μM), TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml), or TGF-β1 plus SB431542. The relative abundance of phospho-p38 under each treatment is normalized to β-actin with respect to vehicle. Summarized data are from 6–12 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, significant reductions compared with vehicle.