Table 1.

Overview on peroxisomal proteins with dual localization.

Enzyme	Organism	Mechanism for dual localizationa	Localization	References
Malate dehydrogenase	S. cerevisiae	Gene duplication	Cyt, Mito, Pex	McAlister-Henn and Thompson, 1987; Minard and McAlister-Henn, 1991; Steffan and McAlister-Henn, 1992
NADPH-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase	S. cerevisiae	Gene duplication	Cyt, Mito, Pex	Haselbeck and McAlister-Henn, 1991; Henke et al., 1998; Loftus et al., 1994; van Roermund et al., 1998
Citrate synthase	S. cerevisiae	Gene duplication	Mito, Pex	Kim et al., 1986; Lewin et al., 1990; Rosenkrantz et al., 1986
NADPH-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase	A. nidulans	Alternative transcription initiation sites	Cyt, Mito, Pex	Szewczyk et al., 2001
Malate dehydrogenase	Y. lipolytica	Differential splicing	Cyt, Pex	Kabran et al., 2012
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase	C. albicans	Differential splicing	Cyt, Pex	Strijbis et al., 2012
Hydroxypyruvate reductase	Cucurbita sp. (cv. Kurokawa Amakuri Nankin)	Differential splicing	Cyt, Pex	Hayashi et al., 1996
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)	U. maydis	Differential splicing	Cyt, Pex	Freitag et al., 2012
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)	A. nidulans	Differential splicing	Cyt, Pex	Freitag et al., 2012
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)	U. maydis	Ribosomal read-through	Cyt, Pex	Freitag et al., 2012
Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)	U. maydis	Ribosomal read-through	Cyt, Pex	Freitag et al., 2012
Iron-containing superoxide dismutase	L. polyedrum	Alternative start codons	Plas/Mito, Pex	Bodyl and Mackiewicz, 2007
70-kDa heat shock protein	Citrullus vulgaris	Alternative start codons	Pex, Plas	Wimmer et al., 1997
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase	H. sapiens (liver cells)	Multiple targeting signals	Mito, Pex	Ashmarina et al., 1999
Type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase	A. thaliana	Multiple targeting signals	Mito, Pex	Carrie et al., 2008; Xu et al., 2013
Catalase A	S. cerevisiae	Multiple targeting signals	Mito, Pex	Petrova et al., 2004
NAD+-dependent glycerol 3-phosphat dehydrogenase	S. cerevisiae	Protein modification (Phosphorylation)	Pex, Cyt/Nuc	Jung et al., 2010
Glucose-6-phosphat dehydrogenase	A. thaliana	Redox dependent heterodimerization	Pex, Plas	Meyer et al., 2011
Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase	H. sapiens	Protein folding	Cyt, Pex	Fodor et al., 2012
Epoxide hydrolase	H. sapiens (liver cells, kidney cells)	Level of expression, quarternary structure	Cyt, Pex	Arand et al., 1991; Enayetallah et al., 2006; Luo et al., 2008

^aAbbreviations: Cyt, cytosol; Mito, mitochondrion; Nuc, nucleus; Pex, peroxisome; Plas, plastid.