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. 2013 Jun;6(2):67–73. doi: 10.2478/intox-2013-0012

Table 1.

Toxicity parameters of nanoparticles of pure metals and metal compounds tested in adult fish and eggs of zebrafish Danio rerio and teratogenicity of these nanoparticles.

Nanoparticle Stage n 48-h LC50 mg/L 96-h LC0mg/L 96-h LC50mg/L 96-h LC100mg/L Teratogenicity
Aluminum oxide(Al2O3) <50 nm adult 20 >800.0 ND >800.0 ND
eggs 20 >800.0 ND >800.0 ND PH (p=0.033)
Aluminum titanate(Al2O3.TiO2) <25 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND no
Barium ferrite(BaFe12O19) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.087)
Bismuth oxide(Bi2O3) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND no
Chromium oxide(Cr2O3) adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND no
CopperCu <100 nm adult 30 4.2 1.0 3.8 10.0
eggs 40 24.0 5.0 24.0 ND DH, M
Copper oxide(CuO) <50nm adult 90 400.0 12.5 400.0 ND
eggs 30 960.0 400.0 840.0 1600.0 no
Copper zinc iron oxide(CuZnFe4O4) <100 nm adult 50 390.0 100.0 320.0 ND
eggs 30 ND 800.0 2600.0 ND M?
Gold(Au) <100 nm adult 20 >200.0 ND >200.0 ND
eggs 20 >200.0 ND >200.0 ND no
Iron nickel oxide(NiFe2O4) <50 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.011)
Iron oxide(Fe2O3) <50 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.033)
Magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND no
Magnesium oxide(MgO) <50 nm adult 30 140.0 ND 140.0 400.0
eggs 20 >3200.0 1600.0 >3200.0 ND no
Nickel(Ni) <100 nm adult 20 >400.0 ND >400.0 ND
eggs 20 >400.0 ND >400.0 ND no
Nickel oxide(NiO) adult 30 760.0 200.0 420.0 800.0
eggs 30 1700.0 800.0 1300.0 ND DH, M
Palladium(Pd) <25 nm adult 20 >100.0 ND >100.0 ND
eggs 20 >100.0 ND >100.0 ND PH (p=0.020)
Platinum(Pt) <50 nm adult 20 >100.0 ND >100.0 ND
eggs 20 >100.0 ND >100.0 ND no
Silver(Ag) adult 30 2.9 1.3 2.9 10.0
eggs 40 2.7 2.0 2.7 10.0 M
Tin(Sn) <150 nm adult 20 >800.0 ND >800.0 ND
eggs 20 >800.0 800.0 >800.0 ND no
Tin oxide(SnO2) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.081)
Titanium oxide(TiO2) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.020)
Tungsten(W) <150 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND PH (p=0.087)
Tungsten oxide(WO3) <100 nm adult 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND
eggs 20 >1600.0 ND >1600.0 ND no

LC100 - minimum concentration causing 100% mortality; LC0 - maximum concentration causing no mortality; ND - not determined; n - number of fish used for calculation of LC50 value; p - statistical significance; PH - premature hatching; DH - delayed hatching; M - malformations; no - concentration ≤100 mg/L causing no teratogenicity