Table 2: Molecular level activation by LLLT with appropriate LEDs (From Ref 12).

Classification	Molecules	LLLT-Associated Biological Effects
Growth factors	BNF, GDNF, FGF, bFGF, IGF-1, KGF, PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF	Proliferation
		Differentiation
		Bone nodule formation
Interleukins	IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8	Proliferation
		Migration
		Immunological activation
Inflammatory cytokines	PGE2, COX2, IL1β, TNF-α	Acceleration/Inhibition of inflammation
Small molecules	ATP, cGMP, ROS, CA++, NO, H+	Normalization of cell function
		Pain relief
		Wound healing
		Mediation of cellular activities
		Migration
		Angiogenesis

Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:4