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. 2013 Oct;65(4):1257–1317. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007138

TABLE 4.

Intrathecal/systemic morphine synergy in mice

Morphine intrathecal ED50 is 305 ng (153, 501). Morphine given intrathecally at a dose less than 10% of its intrathecal ED50 shifted the systemic analgesic dose-response curve over 6-fold. From Kolesnikov et al. (1996b).

Systemic Morphine ED50 Systemic Shift
mg/kg s.c. -fold
Systemic alone 3.1 (1.6, 4.4)
 + 25 ng of Intrathecal morphine 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) >6